RUMINANT PHYSIOLOGY: Digestion, Metabolism, Growth and Reproduction
Edited by P.B. Cronjé
CABI Publishing
RUMINANT PHYSIOLOGY Digestion, Metabolism, Growth and Reproduction
Dedication This volume is dedicated to the memory of the late Dr F.M.C. Gilchrist.
RUMINANT PHYSIOLOGY Digestion, Metabolism, Growth and Reproduction
Edited by
P.B. Cronjé Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa Associate Editors
E.A. Boomker P.H. Henning W. Schultheiss J.G. van der Walt
CABI Publishing
CABI Publishing is a division of CAB International CABI Publishing CAB International Wallingford Oxon OX10 8DE UK Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Email:
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CABI Publishing 10 E 40th Street Suite 3203 New York, NY 10016 USA Tel: +1 (212) 481 7018 Fax: +1 (212) 686 7993 Email:
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© CAB International 2000. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ruminant physiology : digestion, metabolism, growth, and reproduction / edited by P. Cronje ; assoc. editors, E.A. Boomker … [et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-85199-463-6 (alk. paper) 1. Ruminants--Physiology--Congresses. I. Cronjé, P. (Pierre) II. Boomker, E. A. QL737.U5 R868 2000 571.1¢963- - dc21
ISBN 0 85199 463 6
Typeset in 10/12pt Garamond by Columns Design Ltd, Reading Printed and bound in the UK by Biddles Ltd, Guildford and King’s Lynn
00–023661
Contents
Contributors Foreword Part I Regulation of Feed Intake 1 Integration of Learning and Metabolic Signals into a Theory of Dietary Choice and Food Intake J.M. Forbes and F.D. Provenza 2 Mathematical Models of Food Intake and Metabolism in Ruminants A.W. Illius, N.S. Jessop and M. Gill 3 Control of Salivation and Motility of the Reticulorumen by the Brain in Sheep W.L. Grovum and J.S. Gonzalez Part II Rumen Microbiology and Fermentation
ix xiii 1 3 21
41 59
4 Molecular Ecology and Diversity in Gut Microbial Ecosystems R.I. Mackie, R.I. Aminov, B.A. White and C.S. McSweeney
61
5 Microbial Adherence to the Plant Cell Wall and Enzymatic Hydrolysis C.W. Forsberg, E. Forano and A. Chesson
79
6 The Microbial Ecology and Physiology of Ruminal Nitrogen Metabolism M. Morrison
99
Part III Nutrient Absorption and Splanchnic Metabolism 7 Tissue, Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Peptide Absorption and Utilization K.E. Webb, Jr
115 117 v
vi
Contents
8 Influence of Gastrointestinal Metabolism on Substrate Supply to the Liver C.J. Seal and D.S. Parker
131
9 The Liver: Integrator of Nitrogen Metabolism G.E. Lobley, G.D. Milano and J.G. van der Walt
149
Part IV Tissue Maintenance and Utilization of Endogenous Body Reserves
169
10 Adipose Tissue: Beyond an Energy Reserve R.G. Vernon and K.L. Houseknecht
171
11 Regulation of Growth and Metabolism During Postnatal Development B.H. Breier, M.H. Oliver and B.W. Gallaher
187
12 Direct Effects of Photoperiod on Lipid Metabolism, Leptin Synthesis and Milk Secretion in Adult Sheep Y. Chilliard and F. Bocquier
20