ADVANCES IN CANCER RESEARCH VOLUME 50 This Page Intentionally Left Blank ADVANCES IN CANCER RESEARCH Edited by GEORGE KLElN Department of Tumor Biology Karolinska lnstitutet Stockholm, Sweden SIDNEY WEINHOUSE Fels Research Institute Health Sciences Center Temple University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Volume 50 ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers San Diego New York Berkeley Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto COPYRIGHT 0 1988 BY ACADEMICPRESS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING. OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC . 1250 Sixth Avenue San Diego, California 92101 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24-28 Oval Road. London NWl 7DX LIBRARYOF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD ISBN 0-12-006650-5 (alk. paper) PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 88 89 90 91 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 NUMBER:52- 13360 Biological Markers of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation in Human Gastrointestinal Diseases MARTINLIPKINAND PAULHIGGINS I. Introduction . . . . . .............................................. 11. Esophagus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111. Stomach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................................... 7 V. Antigenic Determinants of Gastrointestinal Cell Differentiation ..... and Proliferation . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 3 22 Chemical Carcinogenesis: From Animal Models to Molecular Models in One Decade STUART H. YUSPA AND MIRIAMc. POIRIER Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Experimental Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111. Biological Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V. Future Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI. Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......... .. .............................................. 61 I. 11. 25 26 33 39 54 59 Oncogenes and the Nature of Malignancy IAN BUCKLEY .......................................................... 11. 111. IV. V. Basic Phenomena of Malignancy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Malignant Phenotype . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T h e Malignant Genotype . ........................ General Synopsis.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... .................................... References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................ V 72 74 79 87 93 71 vi CONTENTS The Epstein-Barr Virus Proteins JOAKIM DILLNER A N D BENCT KALLIN 1. Biology of EBV Infection ............................. I1 . EBV-Associated Diseases. . . . .