FRENCH LITERATURE SERIES Since 1974 the French Literature Series has been published in conjunction with the annual French Literature Conference, sponsored by the Department of Languages, Literatures, and Cultures of the University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA. In addition to the scholarly papers selected for publication by the Editorial Board, it also accepts notes on the conference topic. The conference, which is scheduled for the end of March or beginning of April each year, focuses on a pre-announced topic. The deadline for submitting conference papers is November 1; for scholarly notes, the following May 1. Submissions should be prepared according to the MLA Handbook and should not exceed fifteen pages (25 lines per page, double-spacing, with ample margins). Reading time at the Conference is limited to twenty minutes. Scholarly notes should not exceed eight pages. Authors should submit two copies of their contribution, accompanied by return postage if they wish their paper to be returned. The essays appearing in the French Literature Series are drawn primarily from the Conference papers. Authors are informed of the inclusion of their papers in the volume when their papers are accepted for the Conference. Exceptionally, FLS does publish outstanding contributions from authors not participating in the Conference. To be considered for inclusion in the volume, such essays should not exceed twenty typed pages. A style sheet is available upon request or online at http://www.cas.sc.edu/dllc/fren/Events.Activities/flc/stylesheet.html. All communications concerning the Conference should be addressed to the Conference Director, and those concerning the French Literature Series to the Editor, Department of Languages, Literatures, and Cultures, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA. The French Literature Series is published by Editions Rodopi. Communications concerning standing orders or purchase of individual volumes or back volumes should be addressed to: Editions Rodopi B.V. Tijnmuiden 7 1046 AK Amsterdam-Holland The Netherlands Tel.: 31 (0) 20 611 48 21 Fax: 31 (0) 20 447 29 79 Internet: http://www.rodopi.nl
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USA/Canada: One Rockefeller Plaza Suite 1420 New York, NY 10020, USA Tel.: (212) 265-6360 (USA only): 1-800-225-3998 Fax: (212) 265-6402
Future Conference Topics and Volumes March 22-24, 2007: “Violence in French and Francophone Literature and Film” March 27-29, 2008: French and Francophone Literature and Film in/and Translation (FLS Vol. XXXVI, 2009) Internet: http://www.cas.sc.edu/dllc/fren/Events.Activities/flc/index.html
FRENCH LITERATURE SERIES Editor James Day Editorial Board University of South Carolina William Edmiston Freeman G. Henry Paul Allen Miller Marja Warehime
Daniela DiCecco Jeanne Garane Nancy E. Lane Jeffery C. Persels
Advisory Board Michael T. Cartwright McGill University
Pierre Ronzeaud Université de Provence
Ross Chambers University of Michigan
Franc Schuerewegen Radboud Universiteit (Nijmegen)
Roland Desné Université de Reims
Albert Sonnenfeld University of Southern California
Ralph Heyndels University of Miami
Marie-Odile Sweetser University of Illinois at Chicago
Norris J. Lacy Pennsylvania State University
Ronald W. Tobin University of California, Santa Barbara
Gerald Prince University of Pennsylvania
Dirk Van der Cruysse Universiteit Antwerpen
Le papier sur lequel le présent ouvrage est imprimé remplit les prescriptions de ‘ISO 9706: 1994, Information et documentation - Papier pour documents - Prescriptions pour la permanence’. The paper on which this book is printed meets the requirements of ‘ISO 9706: 1994, Inf