E-Book Content
Medieval Pharmacotherapy—Continuity and Change
Studies in Ancient Medicine Edited by
John Scarborough Philip J. van der Eijk Ann Ellis Hanson
VOLUME 38
Medieval Pharmacotherapy Continuity and Change Case Studies from Ibn S¯ın¯a and some of his Late Medieval Commentators
by Helena M. Paavilainen
LEIDEN • BOSTON 2009
On the cover: Artemisia vulgaris L. From Vienna Dioscorides (Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. med. gr. 1.), an early 6th century copy of De materia medica by Dioscorides. Fol. 20, verso. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Paavilainen, Helena M. Medieval pharmacotherapy–continuity and change : case studies from Ibn Sina and some of his late Medieval commentators / by Helena M. Paavilainen. p. ; cm. – (Studies in ancient medicine, ISSN 0925-1421 ; v. 38) Updated version of author's doctoral thesis–Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2002. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-17119-0 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Pharmacology–History. 2. Medicine, Medieval. 3. Pharmacopoeias. I. Title. II. Series: Studies in ancient medicine, v. 38. 0925-1421 ; [DNLM: 1. Avicenna, 980-1037. 2. Drug Therapy–history. 3. History, Medieval. 4. Medicine, Arabic–history. W1 ST918K v.38 2009 / WZ 54 P111m 2009] RM44.P33 2009 615'.1–dc22 2009029999
ISSN 0925-1421 ISBN 978 90 04 17119 0 Copyright 2009 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands
In memory of my father, Lauri Paavilainen, to my mother, Maija Paavilainen, and to my teacher and mentor, Prof. Samuel Kottek
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii Chapter One. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Preliminary Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Research Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Research Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 1 2 4
Chapter Two. Historical Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. The Spread of Galenic Medical Tradition from the Greek Cultural Area to the Arabic and the Latin Cultural Areas. . . . . . . ... The Greek Beginnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... The Transfer from Greek to Arabic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... The Transfer from Arabic to Latin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Galenic Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... Galenic Medicine as a Sociological Phenomenon . . . . . . . . ... Galenic Medicine: Theory and Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... Physiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... Health and Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . .