The Gale Encyclopedia Of Science

The GALE ENCYCLOPEDIA of Science THIRD EDITION This page intentionally left blank GALE The ENCYCLOPEDIA of Science THIRD EDITION VOLUME 3 Factor - Kuru K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, Editors Gale Encyclopedia of Science, Third Edition K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, Editors Project Editor Kimberley A. McGrath Indexing Services Synapse Product Design Michelle DiMercurio Editorial Deirdre S. Blanchfield, Chris Jeryan, Jacqueline Longe, Mark Springer Permissions Shalice Shah-Caldwell Manufacturing Wendy Blurton, Evi Seoud Editorial Support Services Andrea Lopeman © 2004 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Gale and Design® and Thomson Learning™ are trademarks used herein under license. For more information contact The Gale Group, Inc. 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 Or you can visit our Internet site at http://www.gale.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, Imaging and Multimedia Leitha Etheridge-Sims, Lezlie Light, Dave Oblender, Christine O’Brien, Robyn V. Young taping, Web distribution, or information storage retrieval systems—without the written permission of the publisher. Since this page cannot legibly accomodate all copyright notices, the acknowledgments constitute an extension of the copyright notice. For permission to use material from this product