Advances In Parasitology, Vol. 3

Advances in PARASITOLOGY VOLUME 3 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in PARASITOLOGY Edited by BEN DAWES Department of Zoology, King’s College, University of London, England VOLUME 3 1965 ACADEMIC PRESS London and New York ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. Berkeley Square House Berkeley Square London, W. 1 U.S. Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. 11 I Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10003 Copyright 0 1965 by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD. All Rights Reserved N o part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, or any other means, without writtep permission from the publishers ' Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 62-22124 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY WlLLMER BROTHERS LIMITED, BIRKENHEAU CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 3 JOSEPH E. ALICATA,Department of Parasitology, University of Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station, Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.A. (p. 223) DONR. ARTHUR, Department of Zoology and Animal Biology, King’s College, University of London, England ( p . 249) S. B. KENDALL,Central Veterinary Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, New Haw, Weybridge, England (p. 59) W . H . R. LUMSDEN,Bacteriology Department, University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland ( p . 1) PAUL H. SILVERMAN, Department of zoology, University of Illinois, UrbanaChampaign, Illinois, U.S.A. ( p . 159) MUNEOYOKOGAWA, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (p. 99) This Page Intentionally Left Blank PREFACE The appearance of a third volume in this series indicates the aim of the Editor to obtain from specialists critical reviews which extend the scope and interest of the series by covering “fresh woods and pastures new” in a sustained attempt to survey the parasitological landscape in a world of invigorated biological effort. Without disrespect to willing authors and contemplating only the order in which contributions appear, it must be admitted that the Editor’s own preferences materialize only in so far as contributors are able to meet some specifiedclosingdate for receiving manuscripts.This may imply that a satisfactory balance of contributions can hardly be sustained volume by volume and must be achieved by overall effort. However, no time has been lost in supplying contributions on the biological aspects of trypanosomiasis research, the relationship between species of Fasciola and their molluscan hosts, Paragonimus and paragonimiasis, in vitro cultivation procedures for parasitic helminths, the biology and distribution of the rat lungworm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, and its relation to eosinophilic meningoencephalitis, and feeding in ectoparasitic Acari, with special reference to ticks. W. H. R. Lumsden reveals new concepts arising from improved methods of investigation, notably the use of “stabi1ates”-viable biological materials protected against changes in antigenicity and other properties by low temperature storage and other techniques. New structural differences between trypanosomes recovered from blood and cultures have been revealed by electron microscopy and related to physiological states. Various criteria on which classification is based have been clarified by new methods of counting, measuring infectivity, preserving viability and facilitating culture. Arthropodan vectors have been considered in relation to feeding and maintenance in the laboratory and host-parasite relationships in the field, and an account of the biology of vertebrate hosts mentions the relevant habits and occupations of man. The development of trypanosomes within the gut and the haemocoele of the vectors and methods of isolation are discussed. Parasitism in the mammalian body during the infective