Advances In Applied Microbiology, Vol. 3

ADVANCES IN Applied Micro biology VOLUME 3 This Page Intentionally Left Blank ADVANCES IN Applied Microbiology Edit.ed by WAYNE W. UMBREIT Department of Bacteriology Rutgers, The State University New Brunswick, New Jersey VOLUME 3 @ 1961 ACADEMIC PRESS, New York and London Copyright 0, 1961, by Academic Press Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM, BY PHOTOSTAT, MICROFILM, OR ANY OTHER MEANS, WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHERS. ACADEMIC PRESS INC. 111 FIFTHAVENUE NEW YORK 3, N. Y. United Kingdom Edition Published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON)LTD. 17 OLD QUEENSTREET,LONDON S.W. 1 Libray of Congress Catalog Card Number 59-13823 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES O F AMERICA CONTRIBUTORS ELIOBALDACCI, Institute of Plant Pathology, University of Milan, Ztaly J. D. BU’LOCK, Department of Chemistry, The University, Manchester, England MARK A. CHATIGNY, Naval Biological Laboratoy, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California NORMANC. DONDERO, Department of Sanitation, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey C. RICHARDEIDAM,Department of Bacteriology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan ROBERTJ. HECKLY, Naval Biological Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California A. C. HULME,Dition Laboratory, Agricultural Research Council, Larkfield, Maidstone, Kent, England DONALDJ. MERCHANT,Department of Bacteriology, The Uniuersity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan ROBERT F. PITTZLLO, Kettering-Meyer Laboratory, Southern Research Institute, Bimhingham, Alabama MARTINH. ROGOFF,United States Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh Coal Research Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania1 FRANK M. SCHABEL, JR., Kettering-Meyer Laboratory, Southern Research Iwtitute, Birmingham, Alabama ELWOOD TITUS,Laboratoy of Chemical Pharmacology, National Heart Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Present address: Bioferm Corporation, Wasco, California. V This Page Intentionally Left Blank PREFACE With the third volume of Advances in Applied Microbiology, it is time to reply to certain critics of the earlier volumes, not because this is the place to do it, but because there is no other. In the first year of the publication of Advances there appeared a new edition of Prescott and Dunn’s “Industrial Microbiology” and the first volume of a series Progress in Industrial Microbiology, and shortly thereafter a further volume, Developments in Industrial Microbiology, as part of a continuing series. To certain reviewers, this seemed to be evidence of some kind of collusion. It seemed to violate some kind of scientific antitrust law, and whatever a particular reviewer disliked in one volume, he attributed to all the rest. This attitude seemed to be based upon a complete misunderstanding of the basis of scientific publication, its nature, its purpose, and its evolution across the years. Some felt that these volumes competed with well-established and valuable reviews-as Annual Review of Microbiology or Bacteriological Reviews. Others deplored the growth of secondary publication. And still others berated one editor for publishing in one area and another editor for omitting the same area, or condemned the series for not being textbooks and the textbooks for not being a series. But such a reaction is based upon a complete misconception of the nature and role of th