Advances In Immunology, Vol. 31

ADVANCES IN Immunology V O L U M E 31 CONTRIBUTORS T O THIS VOLUME HOWARD FLEIT PAULW. KINCADE ROBERT W. KOZAK IRAS. MELLMAN CHARLES E. MOODY, JR. FRANCIS W. RUSCETTI KENDALL A. SMITH EMIL R. UNANUE JAY C. UNKELESS MARC E. WEKSLER ADVANCES IN Immunology E D I T E D BY HENRY G. KUNKEL FRANK J. DIXON The Rockefeller University New Yo&, New Yo& Scripps Clinic ond Reseorch Foundotion l o Jolla, California V O L U M E 31 1981 ACADEMIC PRESS A Subsidiory of Horcwrf Bmce lovonovich, Publishers New York London Toronto Sydney Son Francisco COPYRIGHT @ 1981, BY ACADEMIC PRESS,INC. ALL FUGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THlS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, O R ANY 1NFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS,INC. 111 Fifth Avenue. N e w York. New York 10003 Utiited Kirigdoni Edition pirblislied by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. ( L O N D O N ) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road, London N W I 7DX LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARDNUMBER:61-17057 ISBN 0-12-022431-3 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 81 82 83 84 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS USTOF CONTFUBUTORS .................................................... PREFACE................................................................... vii ix The Regulatory Role of Macrophages in Antigenic Stimulation Part Two Symbiotic Relationship between Lymphocytes and Macrophages EMIL R . UNANUE I . Historical ............................................................ ........................ 111. Basis for Macrophage Regulation ....................................... IV. Conclusions .......................................................... References ........................................................... I1. Analysis of the Regulatory Role of Macraphages 1 4 56 118 121 T-611 G r m h Factor and the Culture of Cloned Functional T Cells mNDALL A . SMITH AND FRANCIS w. RUSCETTI I . Introduction .......................................................... ......................................... I1. Lymphocyte-Activating Factor 111. T-cell Growth Factor ................................................. IV. The Initiation. Clonal Derivation. and Maintenance of Functional T-cell Lines .......................................................... V. The Functional Implications of TCGF .................................. VI . Conclusion ........................................................... References ........................................................... 137 141 149 161 169 172 173 Formation of B Lymphocytes in Fetal and Aduh Life PAULW. KINCADE I . Introduction .......................................................... I1. Some Definitions ..................................................... 111. Expression of Immunoglobulin Genes .................................. IV. Cloning Assays for Functional B Cells .................................. V. Formation of B Cells in Cell-Transfer Assays ............................ VI . Relationship between B-Lymphocyte Precursors and Other Hematopoietic Lineages ............................................... VII . Formation and Maturation of B Cells in Culture ......................... VIII. Microenvironments for B-Lymphocyte Formation ....................... I X. Antigens Expressed on B-Lymphocyte Precursors ....................... V 177 178 181 185 189 192 199 e07 215 vi CONTENTS X . Functional Heterogeneity of B Lymphocytes-Specia