Renewable Energy: Technology, Economics And Environment

Renewable Energy Martin Kaltschmitt . Wolfgang Streicher Andreas Wiese Renewable Energy Technology , Economics and Environment With 270 Figures and 66 Tables 123 E d itors Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Kaltschmitt Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics Hamburg University of Technology Germany Institute for Energy and Environment (IE) gGmbH Leipzig, Germany Ao. Univ.-Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr. techn. Wolfgang Streicher Institute of Thermal Engineering Graz University of Technology Austria Dr.-Ing. Andreas Wiese Lahmeyer International GmbH Bad Vilbel, Germany Library of Congress Control Number: 2007923414 ISBN 978-3-540-70947-3 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Typesetting: by the editors Production: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd., India Cover design: wmxDesign GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper SPIN: 10942611 42/3100/Integra 5 4 3 2 1 0