Moral Epistemology Naturalized (canadian Journal Of Philosophy)

Moral Epistemology Naturalized edited by Richmond Campbell and Bruce Hunter © 2000 Canadian Journal of Philosophy University of Calgary Press Calgary, Alberta, Canada ISSN 0229-7051 ISBN 0-919491-26-X © 2000 The Canadian Journal of Philosophy University of Calgary Press 2500 University Drive NW Calgary, Alberta Canada T2N 1N4 National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data Main entry under title: Moral epistemology naturalized (Canadian journal of philosophy. Supplementary volume, ISSN 0229-7051 ; 26) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-919491-26-X 1. Knowledge, Theory of. I. Campbell Richmond. II. Hunter, Bruce, 1949- III. Series. BD161.M77 2001 121 C00-911646-X All rights reserved. No part of this work covered by the copyrights hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means – graphic, electronic or mechanical – without the prior written permission of the publisher. Any request for photocopying, recording, taping or reproducing in information storage and retrieval systems of any part of this book shall be directed in writing to CANCOPY, Suite 1900, One Yonge Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5E 1E5. Printed and bound in Canada. This book is printed on acid-free paper. iv Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 Richmond Campbell and Bruce Hunter I. MORAL NATURALISM AND NORMATIVITY Four Epistemological Challenges to Ethical Naturalism: Naturalized Epistemology and the First-Person Perspective ............ 31 David Copp Naturalizing, Normativity, and Using What ‘We’ Know in Ethics ...................................................................... 75 Margaret Urban Walker Naturalized Epistemology, Morality, and the Real World .............. 103 Louise Antony Moral Naturalism and the Normative Question ............................... 139 Susan Babbitt Statements of Fact: Whose? Where? When? ....................................... 175 Lorraine Code II. BIOLOGY AND MORAL DISCOURSE The Biological Basis and Ideational Superstructure of Morality ..... 211 Catherine Wilson All the Monkeys Aren’t in the Zoo: Evolutionary Ethics and the Possibility of Moral Knowledge ............................................. 245 Michael Stingl Word and Action: Reconciling Rules and Know-How in Moral Cognition ................................................................................. 267 Andy Clark Rules, Know-How, and the Future of Moral Cognition ................... 291 Paul Churchland Making Moral Space: A Reply to Churchland ................................... 307 Andy Clark Notes on Contributors ........................................................................... 313 Index ......................................................................................................... 317 CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY Supplementary Volume 26 Introduction RICHMOND CAMPBELL AND BRUCE HUNTER 1. What is Naturalized Moral Epistemology? A traditional task of epistemology is to establish and defend systematic standards, norms, or criteria that must be satisfied in order for us to have knowledge or simply to have beliefs that are justified or warranted. A naturalized epistemology tries to arrive at such standards through an empirical investigation into how we interact with our fellows and the world around us as we form our beliefs and evaluate them, what we seek in these activities, and the particular ways in which we can and can’t succeed.1 A naturalized moral epistemology is simply a naturalized epistemology that concerns itself with moral knowledge. Since Quine introduced the concept of naturalized epistemology over three decades ago,2 much has been written on this topic and identified as exempli