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Science in Democracy
Science in Democracy Expertise, Institutions, and Representation
Mark B. Brown
The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England
© 2009 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. For information about special quantity discounts, please email special_sales @mitpress.mit.edu This book was set in Sabon by Westchester Book Composition. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Brown, Mark B. Science in democracy : expertise, institutions, and representation / Mark B. Brown. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-262-01324-6 (hardcover : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-0-262-51304-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Science—Political aspects. 2. Science and state. 3. Science and state—Citizen participation. 4. Representative government and representation. 5. Democracy. I. Title. Q175.5.B759 2009 320.01—dc22 2009005952 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Preface vii Acknowledgments Introduction
xv
1
I Modern Politics and the Mirror of Nature 1 Niccolò Machiavelli and the Popular Politics of Expertise 2 Power and Publicity in Modern Science
23
43
3 Consent and Competence in Representative Government
65
4 Liberal Rationalism and Government Advisory Committees
93
II Democratizing Representation in Science and Politics 5 Thomas Hobbes and the Authorization of Science
107
6 John Dewey and the Reconstruction of Representation 7 Bruno Latour and the Symmetries of Science and Politics 8 How Science Becomes Political
185
9 Elements of Democratic R