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[email protected]>@V [nf[hj_i[" _dij_jkj_edi" WdZ h[fh[i[djWj_ed J>OH ?+ ?OLTK Science in Democracy Science in Democracy Expertise, Institutions, and Representation Mark B. Brown The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England © 2009 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. For information about special quantity discounts, please email special_sales @mitpress.mit.edu This book was set in Sabon by Westchester Book Composition. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Brown, Mark B. Science in democracy : expertise, institutions, and representation / Mark B. Brown. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-262-01324-6 (hardcover : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-0-262-51304-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Science—Political aspects. 2. Science and state. 3. Science and state—Citizen participation. 4. Representative government and representation. 5. Democracy. I. Title. Q175.5.B759 2009 320.01—dc22 2009005952 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Preface vii Acknowledgments Introduction xv 1 I Modern Politics and the Mirror of Nature 1 Niccolò Machiavelli and the Popular Politics of Expertise 2 Power and Publicity in Modern Science 23 43 3 Consent and Competence in Representative Government 65 4 Liberal Rationalism and Government Advisory Committees 93 II Democratizing Representation in Science and Politics 5 Thomas Hobbes and the Authorization of Science 107 6 John Dewey and the Reconstruction of Representation 7 Bruno Latour and the Symmetries of Science and Politics 8 How Science Becomes Political 185 9 Elements of Democratic R