Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization Managing Editors H.-H. Bock, Aachen W. Gaul, Karlsruhe M. Vichi, Rome
Editorial Board Ph. Arabie, Newark D. Baier, Cottbus F. Critchley, Milton Keynes R. Decker, Bielefeld E. Diday, Paris M. Greenacre, Barcelona C. Lauro, Naples J. Meulman, Leiden P. Monari, Bologna S. Nishisato, Toronto N. Ohsumi, Tokyo O. Opitz, Augsburg G. Ritter, Passau M. Schader, Mannheim C. Weihs, Dortmund
Titles in the Series H.-H. Bock, W. Lenski, and M. M. Richter (Eds.) Information Systems and Data Analysis. 1994 (out of print) E. Diday, Y. Lechevallier, M. Schader, P. Bertrand, and B. Burtschy (Eds.) New Approaches in Classification and Data Analysis. 1994 (out of print) W. Gaul and D. Pfeifer (Eds.) From Data to Knowledge. 1995 H.-H. Bock and W. Polasek (Eds.) Data Analysis and Information Systems. 1996 E. Diday, Y. Lechevallier, and O. Opitz (Eds.) Ordinal and Symbolic Data Analysis. 1996 R. Klar and O. Opitz (Eds.) Classification and Knowledge Organization. 1997
W. Gaul, O. Opitz, and M. Schader (Eds.) Data Analysis. 2000 R. Decker and W. Gaul (Eds.) Classification and Information Processing at the Turn of the Millenium. 2000 S. Borra, R. Rocci, M. Vichi, and M. Schader (Eds.) Advances in Classification and Data Analysis. 2001 W. Gaul and G. Ritter (Eds.) Classification, Automation, and New Media. 2002 K. Jajuga, A. Sokoøowski, and H.-H. Bock (Eds.) Classification, Clustering and Data Analysis. 2002 M. Schwaiger and O. Opitz (Eds.) Exploratory Data Analysis in Empirical Research. 2003
C. Hayashi, N. Ohsumi, K. Yajima, Y. Tanaka, H.-H. Bock, and Y. Baba (Eds.) Data Science, Classification, and Related Methods. 1998
M. Schader, W. Gaul, and M. Vichi (Eds.) Between Data Science and Applied Data Analysis. 2003
I. Balderjahn, R. Mathar, and M. Schader (Eds.) Classification, Data Analysis, and Data Highways. 1998
H.-H. Bock, M. Chiodi, and A. Mineo (Eds.) Advances in Multivariate Data Analysis. 2004
A. Rizzi, M. Vichi, and H.-H. Bock (Eds.) Advances in Data Science and Classification. 1998
D. Banks, L. House, F. R. McMorris, P. Arabie, and W. Gaul (Eds.) Classification, Clustering, and Data Mining Applications. 2004
M. Vichi and O. Opitz (Eds.) Classification and Data Analysis. 1999 W. Gaul and H. Locarek-Junge (Eds.) Classification in the Information Age. 1999 H.-H. Bock and E. Diday (Eds.) Analysis of Symbolic Data. 2000 H. A. L. Kiers, J.-P. Rasson, P. J. F. Groenen, and M. Schader (Eds.) Data Analysis, Classification, and Related Methods. 2000
D. Baier and K.-D. Wernecke (Eds.) Innovations in Classification, Data Science, and Information Systems. 2005 M. Vichi, P. Monari, S. Mignani and A. Montanari (Eds.) New Developments in Classification and Data Analysis. 2005 D. Baier, R. Decker, and L. SchmidtThieme (Eds.) Data Analysis and Decision Support. 2005
Claus Weihs ´ Wolfgang Gaul Editors
Classification ± the Ubiquitous Challenge Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Gesellschaft fçr Klassifikation e.V. University of Dortmund, March 9±11, 2004
With 181 Figures and 108 Tables
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Professor Dr. Claus Weihs Universitåt Dortmund Fachbereich Statistik 44221 Dortmund
[email protected] Professor