Theory And Applications Of Models Of Computation: 6th Annual Conference, Tamc 2009, Changsha, China, May 18-22, 2009. Proceedings

Lecture Notes in Computer Science Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors: Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen Editorial Board David Hutchison Lancaster University, UK Takeo Kanade Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Josef Kittler University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Jon M. Kleinberg Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Alfred Kobsa University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Friedemann Mattern ETH Zurich, Switzerland John C. Mitchell Stanford University, CA, USA Moni Naor Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Oscar Nierstrasz University of Bern, Switzerland C. Pandu Rangan Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India Bernhard Steffen University of Dortmund, Germany Madhu Sudan Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA Demetri Terzopoulos University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Doug Tygar University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Gerhard Weikum Max-Planck Institute of Computer Science, Saarbruecken, Germany 5532 Jianer Chen S. Barry Cooper (Eds.) Theory and Applications of Models of Computation 6th Annual Conference, TAMC 2009 Changsha, China, May 18-22, 2009 Proceedings 13 Volume Editors Jianer Chen Department of Computer Science and Engineering Texas A&M University Texas, USA E-mail: [email protected] S. Barry Cooper School of Mathematics University of Leeds Leeds, U.K. E-mail: [email protected] Library of Congress Control Number: Applied for CR Subject Classification (1998): F.2, F.3, F.4, G.2.2, H.1.1, G.4, I.1 LNCS Sublibrary: SL 1 – Theoretical Computer Science and General Issues ISSN ISBN-10 ISBN-13 0302-9743 3-642-02016-X Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York 978-3-642-02016-2 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. springer.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 Printed in Germany Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversion by Scientific Publishing Services, Chennai, India Printed on acid-free paper SPIN: 12679799 06/3180 543210 Preface Theory and Applications of Models of Computation (TAMC) is an international conference series with an interdisciplinary character, bringing together researchers working in computer science, mathematics (especially logic) and the physical sciences. This crossdisciplinary character, together with its focus on algorithms, complexity and computability theory, gives the conference a s