The Champlain-richelieu Lowland: A Study In Historical Geography


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xiOL CHAi'ifLAI« -RICHcXIELi LOiVLAND : A STUDY IN HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY by Robert D. Hodgson A dissertation submitted In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the cerree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Michigan 1951 Committee in charge: Associate Professor Professor Associate Assistant Professor George Kish, Chairman Charles M. Davis Robert B, Kali Professor Stanley D. Dodge Professor Pierre Dansereau Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission PREFACE A eurvey work of this nature is, out of necessity, the result of the kind cooperation of many libraries, archives and public agencies. I am deeply indebted to the various staffs v?ho have extended courtesies to me curing the last two years. I am, particularly, indebted to M. Antoine Roy, the Quebec Frovincial Archivist, Mr. William K. Lamb, the Archivist of Canada, M. Georges Cote, the Director of the Surveys Branch of the Quebec Department of Lands and Forests anc the st-rff of the Vermont Historical Society in Montpelier. Ky special thanks are, also due the staffs of the General Library of the University of Michigan and of the William L. Clements Library of American History. The latter was an invaluable source of material. I am also deeply indebted to the staff of the Geography Department of the University of Michigan. Their suggestions and criticisms have been very helpful. I am, particularly, indebted to Frofessor George Kish whose direction and inspiration have contributed greatly to the completion of this work. My thanks are also due to Frofessor Stanley Dodge for his kind interest and to my wife for the typing of the final manuscript. -ii- Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. A word is necessary on the techniques used for the topographic model of the Champlsin-Richelieu Lowland which has served as the base map for many of the figures. The model was made by tracing the contours of the Topographic Series maps of Canada and the U.S. Aeronautical Charts on thin sheets of cardboard. together and varnished. These wert glued Dental plaster was then applied to this to complete the relief pattern. then painted and photographed. The model was The lithoprinted base map was made from this photograph. I would also like to add a work of thanks to the oeoole of Vermont and quebec who made the summer spent in the field a most enjoyable experience. -Ill- Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission r TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE........................................... Page li LIST CF FIGURES.................................. v LIST OF P L A T E S .................................. vil Chapter I. INTRODUCTION ............................ 1 II. THE BEGINNINGS........................... 5 III. THE FRENCH AND THE IROQUOIS............... 26 IV. THE FRENCH AND THE B R I T I S H ............... 56 V. THE BEGINNINGS OF NEW ENGLANDSETTLEMENT . 94 THE CHAMPLAIN LOWLAND IN THE19TH CENTURY................................... 120 THE VALLEY CF THE RICHELIEU INTHE 19TH CENTURY.............................. 179 THE MODERN LANDSCAPE-TKECHAMPLAIN LOWLAND OF V E R M O N T ....................... 224 THE MODERN LANDSCAPE-THEVALLEY OF THE RICHELIEU................................. 238 CONTRASTS AND SIMILARITIES.............. 254
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