Toc: Cover......Page 1 Title Page......Page 2 Copyright Page......Page 3 About the Author......Page 4 Dedication......Page 5 Brief Contents......Page 6 Contents......Page 7 Preface......Page 13 1 The Science of Psychology......Page 26 1 Defining Psychology and Exploring Its Roots......Page 27 The Psychological Frame of Mind......Page 28 Psychology as the Science of All Human Behavior......Page 29 Psychology in Historical Perspective......Page 31 2 Contemporary Approaches to Psychology......Page 33 The Psychodynamic Approach......Page 34 The Evolutionary Approach......Page 35 Summing up the Seven Contemporary Approaches......Page 36 3 Psychology’s Scientific Method......Page 38 Descriptive Research......Page 42 Correlational Research......Page 45 Experimental Research......Page 48 INTERSECTION: Personality, Developmental, and Cross-Cultural Psychology: Why Do We Grow Up, Psychologically?......Page 49 Applications of the Three Types of Research......Page 53 The Research Sample......Page 54 The Research Setting......Page 55 PSYCHOLOGY IN OUR WORLD: The Global Science of Happiness......Page 56 CHALLENGE YOUR THINKING: Are We Truly “Ourselves” Online and Does It Matter?......Page 58 Ethics Guidelines......Page 59 The Ethics of Research with Animals......Page 60 The Place of Values in Psychological Research......Page 61 Encountering Psychology in Everyday Life......Page 62 Appreciating Psychology as the Science of You......Page 63 ANSWERS TO SELF-QUIZZES......Page 65 2 The Brain and Behavior......Page 66 Characteristics of the Nervous System......Page 67 Pathways in the Nervous System......Page 68 Divisions of the Nervous System......Page 69 Specialized Cell Structure......Page 71 The Neural Impulse......Page 72 Synapses and Neurotransmitters......Page 74 3 Structures of the Brain and Their Functions......Page 79 How Researchers Study the Brain and Nervous System......Page 80 How the Brain Is Organized......Page 82 INTERSECTION: Neuroscience and Environmental Psychology: How Does Spending Time in Nature Affect the Brain?......Page 83 The Cerebral Cortex......Page 88 The Cerebral Hemispheres and Split-Brain Research......Page 91 Integration of Function in the Brain......Page 94 4 The Endocrine System......Page 95 The Brain’s Plasticity and Capacity for Repair......Page 97 Brain Tissue Implants......Page 98 PSYCHOLOGY IN OUR