Toc: Cover......Page 1Title Page......Page 2Copyright Page......Page 3About the Author......Page 4Dedication......Page 5Brief Contents......Page 6Contents......Page 7Preface......Page 131 The Science of Psychology......Page 261 Defining Psychology and Exploring Its Roots......Page 27The Psychological Frame of Mind......Page 28Psychology as the Science of All Human Behavior......Page 29Psychology in Historical Perspective......Page 312 Contemporary Approaches to Psychology......Page 33The Psychodynamic Approach......Page 34The Evolutionary Approach......Page 35Summing up the Seven Contemporary Approaches......Page 363 Psychology’s Scientific Method......Page 38Descriptive Research......Page 42Correlational Research......Page 45Experimental Research......Page 48INTERSECTION: Personality, Developmental, and Cross-Cultural Psychology: Why Do We Grow Up, Psychologically?......Page 49Applications of the Three Types of Research......Page 53The Research Sample......Page 54The Research Setting......Page 55PSYCHOLOGY IN OUR WORLD: The Global Science of Happiness......Page 56CHALLENGE YOUR THINKING: Are We Truly “Ourselves” Online and Does It Matter?......Page 58Ethics Guidelines......Page 59The Ethics of Research with Animals......Page 60The Place of Values in Psychological Research......Page 61Encountering Psychology in Everyday Life......Page 62Appreciating Psychology as the Science of You......Page 63ANSWERS TO SELF-QUIZZES......Page 652 The Brain and Behavior......Page 66Characteristics of the Nervous System......Page 67Pathways in the Nervous System......Page 68Divisions of the Nervous System......Page 69Specialized Cell Structure......Page 71The Neural Impulse......Page 72Synapses and Neurotransmitters......Page 743 Structures of the Brain and Their Functions......Page 79How Researchers Study the Brain and Nervous System......Page 80How the Brain Is Organized......Page 82INTERSECTION: Neuroscience and Environmental Psychology: How Does Spending Time in Nature Affect the Brain?......Page 83The Cerebral Cortex......Page 88The Cerebral Hemispheres and Split-Brain Research......Page 91Integration of Function in the Brain......Page 944 The Endocrine System......Page 95The Brain’s Plasticity and Capacity for Repair......Page 97Brain Tissue Implants......Page 98PSYCHOLOGY IN OUR