Complete General Science For Nsejs Ntse Kvpy Ias Physics Chemistry Biology Sifox Publication Praveen Kumar

Complete general science Must for all IAS aspiring students Useful for preliminary and mains exam Sifox publication Quality speaks for itself Author Praveen Kumar INDEX PART – I PHYSICS Sl. No. TOPICS PAGE No. 1. WaveTheory 1–3 2. Sound 4–12 3. Optics 13–31 4. Heat/Thermodynamics 32–44 5. Electricity 45–59 6. Magnetism 60–62 7. Force,Work,PowerAndEnergy 63–67 8. Friction 68–71 9. Motion 72–74 10. Electronics 75–76 11. AstronomyandSpace 77–84 12. Pollution 85–87 13. VariousInstruments 88–92 14. Miscellaneous Facts 93–98 PART– II CHEMISTRY 1. Matter 99–100 2. CompositionofMatter 101–103 3. Synthetic fibers and Plastics 104–105 4. Metals and Non Metals 106–109 5. Solution,MixturesAndCompounds 110–114 6. Periodic Table 115 7. Acid and Base 116–118 8. Chemical Reactions 119 9. OxidationandReduction 10. CommonChemicalCompounds 11. Sourcesof Energy 12. Nuclear Science 13. WaterPollution 14. Element in Earth’s Crust 15. SomeImportantAlloys 16. ImportantMisc.Points 120–121 122–124 125–128 129–131 132–133 134 135 136–140 PART – III BIOLOGY 1. IntroductiontoBiology 2. Biological Classification 3. Cell 4. Tissue 5. Virus 6. Bacteria 7. Fungus 8. Protozoa 9. Nutrition 10. Digestive System 11. Respiration 12. HumanCirculatorySystem 13. HumanExcretorysystem 14. Muscle 15. Joints 16. NervousSystem 17. Reproduction 18. EndocrineGlandsandHormones 19. Genetics 20. Immunity 21. Biotechnology 22. Ecology 23. Miscellaneous 141–143 144–149 150–161 162–164 165 166–167 168 169–170 171–175 176–179 180–183 184–188 189–191 192–193 194–195 196–198 199–203 204–208 209–211 212–213 214–218 219–221 222–235 INSIGHT GENERAL STUDIES TOPIC 1 WAVETHEORY Categories of Waves Waves come in many shapes and forms. While all waves share some basic characteristic properties and behaviours, some waves canbe distinguished from others based onsome observable (and some non-observable) characteristics. It is common to categorize waves based on these distinguishing characteristics. Longitudinal versus Transverse Waves versus Surface Waves One way to categorize waves is on the basis of the direction of movement of the individual particles of the medium relative to the direction that the waves travel. Categorizing waves on this basis leads to three notable categories: transverse waves, longitudinal waves, and surface waves. Transverse Wave • A transverse wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction perpendicular to the direction that the wave moves. Suppose that a slinky is stretched out in a horizontal direction across the classroom and that a pulse is introduced into the slinky on the left end by vibrating the first coil up and down. Energy will begin to be transported through the slinky from left to right. • As the energy is transported from left to right, the individual coils of the medium will be displaced upwards and downwards. In this case, the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction that the pulse moves. This type of wave is a transverse wave. Transverse waves are always characterized by particle motion being perpendicular to wave motion. Longitudinal Wave • A longitudinal wave is a wave in which particles of the medium move in a direction parallel to the direction that the wave moves. Suppose that a slinky is stretched out in a horizontal direction across the classroom and that a pulse is introduced into the slinky on the left end by vibrating the first coil left and right. Energy will begin to be transported through the slinky from left to right. • As the energy is transported from left to right, the individual coils of the medium will be displaced leftwards and rightwards. In this case, the particles of