Europe Today: A Twenty-first Century Introduction

Europe Today Europe Today A Twenty-first Century Introduction Fifth Edition EDITED BY RONALD TIERSKY AND ERIK JONES ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham • Boulder • New York • Toronto • Plymouth, UK Published by Rowman & Littlefield 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www.rowman.com 10 Thornbury Road, Plymouth PL6 7PP, United Kingdom Copyright © 2015 by Rowman & Littlefield First edition 1999. Second edition 2004. Third edition 2007. Fourth edition 2011. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Europe today : a twenty-first century introduction / edited by Ronald Tiersky and Erik Jones. — Fifth edition. pages cm. — (Europe today) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4422-2109-3 (cloth : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-4422-2110-9 (pbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-4422-2111-6 (electronic) 1. European Union countries—Politics and government—21st century. 2. Europe—Politics and government—21st century. 3. Europe—Forecasting. I. Tiersky, Ronald, 1944– II. Jones, Erik. JN30.E82478 2014 320.94—dc23 2014001481 ™ The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Printed in the United States of America Contents Contents Preface Timeline of Events Leading to the Current State of the European Union Common Acronyms Introduction PART ONE: COUNTRY STUDIES Chapter 1: France Chapter 2: Great Britain Chapter 3: Germany Chapter 4: Italy Chapter 5: Scandinavia Chapter 6: Spain Chapter 7: Russia Chapter 8: Poland PART TWO: THEMATIC CHAPTERS Chapter 9: European Integration Chapter 10: Economic Governance and Varieties of Capitalism Chapter 11: Europe and the Global Economic Crisis Chapter 12: European Law and Politics Chapter 13: Migration in Europe Chapter 14: A Reassessment of Transatlantic Security Glossary About the Contributors Preface A Note to Students Introductory textbooks are notoriously difficult for professors to write. Success demands from authors not only a mastery of subject matter but also an ability to explain things to beginning students without talking down to them. The job isn’t easy. For your part, you, the student, must be willing to read seriously and to engage the book in good faith. You must be willing to try to imagine what many or most of you have not yet seen, that is, Europe and its vividly different countries and societies. You must begin with nothing more than a willingness to get interested—an intellectual curiosity about the world outside the United States. We can assure you that cosmopolitan knowledge will repay you in ways that you will understand only later. You will discover the empowerment of traveling with your mind. You will, we hope, go to Europe and feel after a day or two that you are not completely a stranger in London, Paris, Berlin, Rome, Stockh