Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, And Mixed Approaches


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Copyright © 2014 by SAGE Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Johnson, R. Burke. Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches /R. Burke Johnson, Larry Christensen. — Fifth edition. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4522-4440-2 (hardcover: alk. paper) 1. Education—Research. I. Title. LB1028.J59 2014 370.72—dc23 2013030678 This book is printed on acid-free paper. 13 14 15 16 17 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 FOR INFORMATION: SAGE Publications, Inc. 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 E-mail: [email protected] SAGE Publications Ltd. 1 Oliver’s Yard 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd. B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044 India SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd. 3 Church Street #10-04 Samsung Hub Singapore 049483 Acquisitions Editor: Reid Hester Associate Editor: Theresa Accomazzo Digital Content Editor: Rachael LeBlond Production Editor: Laura Barrett Copy Editor: Paula L. Fleming Typesetter: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd. Proofreader: Stefanie Storholt Indexer: Wendy Allex Cover Designer: Edgar Abarca Marketing Manager: Terra Schultz Permissions Editor: Jennifer Barron BRIEF CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgments PART I: INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction to Educational Research 2. Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research 3. Action Research for Lifelong Learning PART II: PLANNING THE RESEARCH STUDY 4. How to Review the Literature and Develop Research Questions 5. How to Write a Research Proposal 6. Research Ethics PART III: FOUNDATIONS OF RESEARCH 7. Standardized Measurement and Assessment 8. How to Construct a Questionnaire 9. Six Major Methods of Data Collection 10. Sampling in Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research 11. Validity of Research Results in Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research PART IV: SELECTING A RESEARCH METHOD Section A: Quantitative Research Methods: Five Major Approaches 12. Experimental Research: Weak and Strong Designs 13. Experimental Research: Quasi and Single-Case Designs 14. Nonexperimental Quantitative Research Section B: Qualitative Research Methods: Five Major Approaches Plus Historical Research 15. Narrative Inquiry and Case Study Research D. Jean Clandinin and R. Burke Johnson 16. Phenomenology, Ethnography, and Grounded Theory 17. Historical Research Section C: Mixed Methods Research: Many Approaches 18. Mixed Research PART V: ANALYZING THE DATA 19. Descriptive Statistics 20. Inferential Statistics 21. Data Analysis in Qualitative and Mixed Research PART VI: WRITING THE RESEARCH REPORT 22. How to Prepare a Research Report and Use APA Style Guidelines Appendix: Citations for Journal Articles Noted in the Margins Glossary References Author Index Subject Index About the Authors DETAILED CONTENTS Preface Acknowledgments PART I: INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction to Educational Research Why Study Educational Research? Areas of Educational Research Examples of Educational Research General Kinds of Research Basic and Applied Research Evaluation Research Action Research Orientational Research Sources of Knowledge Experience Reasoning The Scientific Approach to Knowledge Generation Dynamics of Science Basic Assumptions of Science Scientific Methods Theory Th
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