FLUID POWER DYNAMICS R. Keith Mobley
Newnes Boston
Oxford Auckland Johannesburg
Melbourne
New Delhi
Newnes is an imprint of Butterworth-Heinemann. Copyright 0 2000 by Butterworth-Heinemann
[email protected] member of the Reed Elsevier group All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Butterworth-Heinemann 6 pnnts 3 .its.books on acid-free paper whenever possible. Butterworth-Heinemann supports the efforts of American Forests and the Global Releaf program in its campaign for the betterment of trees, forests, and our environment.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData Mobley, R. Keith, 1943Fluid power dynamics / by R. Keith Mobley. p. cm. - (Plant engineering maintenance series) Includes index. ISBN 0-7506-7174-2 (alk. paper) 1. Fluid power technology. I. Title. 11. Series. TJ843.M63 1999 620.1’06--dc21 98-35357 CIP
British Library Cataloguing-in-PublicationData A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The publisher offers special discounts on bulk orders of this book. For information, please contact: Manager of Special Sales Butterworth-Heinemann 225 Wildwood Avenue Woburn, MA 01801-2041 Tel: 781-904-2500 Fax: 781-904-2620 For information on all Newnes publications available, contact our World Wide Web home page at: http://www.newnespress.com 109 8 7 6 5 43 2 1 Printed in the United States of America
CONTENTS
Part I
Introduction
vii
Hydraulics
1
Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11
Part I1
Basic Hydraulics Forces in Liquids Hydraulic Pumps Hydraulic Fluids Reservoirs, Strainers, Filters, and Accumulators Actuators Control Valves Lines, Fittings, and Seals Basic Diagrams and Systems Troubleshooting Hydraulic Systems Maintenance of Hydraulic Systems
Pneumatics Chapter Chapter Chapter Chapter
12 13 14 15
3 8 25 47 67 80 97 130 150 171 178
189 Pneumatic Basics Characteristics of Compressed Air Compressors Air Dryers
191 194 203 232
Fluid Power Dynamics
Chapter 16 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Chapter 2 1
Air Reservoir (Receiver) Safety Valves Coolers Valves Actuators Troubleshooting Pneumatic Circuits
Standard Graphical Symbols Glossary Index
242 246 248 250 256 264 274 276 285
INTRODUCTION The study of hydraulics deals with the use and characteristics of liquids and gases. Since the beginning of