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SIXTH EDITION Essentials of Sociology Recent Sociology Titles from W. W. Norton Code of the Street  by Elijah Anderson In the Trenches: Teaching and Learning Sociology  by Maxine P. Atkinson and Kathleen S. Lowney Social Problems, Third Edition  by Joel Best You May Ask Yourself: An Introduction to Thinking like a Sociologist, Fifth Edition  by Dalton Conley The Family: Diversity, Inequality, and Social Change  by Philip N. Cohen Race in America  by Matthew Desmond and Mustafa Emirbayer Gender: Ideas, Interactions, Institutions  by Myra Marx Ferree and Lisa Wade The Real World: An Introduction to Sociology, Fifth Edition  by Kerry Ferris and Jill Stein Mix It Up: Popular Culture, Mass Media, and Society, Second Edition  by David Grazian The Contexts Reader, Second Edition  edited by Douglas Hartmann and Christopher Uggen Readings for Sociology, Eighth Edition  edited by Garth Massey Families as They Really Are, Second Edition  edited by Barbara J. Risman and Virginia E. Rutter The Social Construction of Sexuality, Third Edition  by Steven Seidman Sex Matters: The Sexuality and Society Reader, Fourth Edition  edited by Mindy Stombler, Dawn M. Baunach, Wendy O. Simonds, Elroi J. Windsor, and Elisabeth O. Burgess Cultural Sociology: An Introductory Reader  edited by Matt Wray American Society: How It Really Works, Second Edition  by Erik Olin Wright and Joel Rogers To learn more about Norton Sociology, please visit wwnorton.com/soc SIXTH EDITION Essentials of Sociology Anthony Giddens London School of Economics Mitchell Duneier City University of New York Graduate Center Princeton University Richard P. Appelbaum University of California, Santa Barbara Deborah Carr Rutgers University W. W. NORTON & COMPANY, INC. New York • London W. W. NORTON & COMPANY has been independent since its founding in 1923, when Wiliam Warder Norton and Mary D. Herter Norton first published lectures delivered at the People’s Institute, the adult education division of New York City’s Cooper Union. The firm soon expanded its program beyond the Institute, publishing books by celebrated academics from America and abroad. By midcentury, the two major pillars of Norton’s publishing program—trade books and college texts—were firmly established. In the 1950s, the Norton family transferred control of the company to its employees, and today—with a staff of four hundred and a comparable number of trade, college, and professional titles published each year—W. W. Norton & Company stands as the largest and oldest publishing house owned wholly by its employees. Editor: Sasha Levitt Project Editor: David Bradley Managing Editor, College: Marian Johnson Managing Editor, College Digital Media: Kim Yi Production Manager: Sean Mintus Media Editor: Eileen Connell Associate Media Editor: Mary Williams Assistant Editor: Miranda Schonbrun Marketing Manager: Julia Hall Design Director: Hope Miller Goodell Photo Editor: Cat Abelman Permissions Manager: Megan Schindel Information Graphics Design: Kiss Me I’m Polish LLC, New York Composition: Graphic World Manufacturing: Transcontinental Copyright © 2017,