E-Book Overview
Winner of the 1993 Dartmouth Medal, this classic reference has been updated to reflect many changes in society and in the field of sociology in recent years. Articles covering core issues such as race, poverty, violence, economics, pregnancy and abortion have been updated and expanded, and completely new articles have been written on topics such as the Internet, privacy and epidemiology.
E-Book Content
Encyclopedia of Sociology Second Edition
Encyclopedia of Sociology Second Edition
VOLUME
2
Edgar F. Borgatta Editor-in-Chief University of Washington, Seattle
Rhonda J. V. Montgomery Managing Editor University of Kansas, Lawrence
E The same model of economic determinism appears in Louis Althusser’s (1970) For Marx, where the social formation has multiple determinants, but ‘‘the economy is determinant in the last instance’’ (p. 113). Neither model has the economic as a monocausal determinant of society, but economic categories, such as the economic market for Weber, clearly are part of a central structuring determination for society.
ECOLOGY See Demography; Environmental Equity; Environmental Sociology; Human Ecology and Environmental Analysis.
ECONOMIC DETERMINISM NOTE: Although the following article has not been revised for this edition of the Encyclopedia, the substantive coverage is currently appropriate. The editors have provided a list of recent works at the end of the article to facilitate research and exploration of the topic.
This model predates both Weber and Althusser and has its origins in eighteenth-century free market liberalism. In The Federalist Papers, James Madison assumes economic interests as the chief motivation of the people. In The Wealth of Nations, for Adam Smith it is ‘‘that in commercial society every man thus lives by exchanging, or becomes in some measure, a merchant’’