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This text explores the attitudes expressed in the Book of Ezekiel towards the various different leadership groups within Judean society: the monarchy, the priests and Levites, the prophets, and the lay readership (including z qenim, sarim and other ruling classes). The author advances the view that there is a coherent and connected attitude taken toward these leadership groups throughout the book: those singled out for the most reproach in Ezekiel's critique of the past are marginalized in his plan for the future, while those who escape blame are assigned positions of honour. It is not simply a matter of tinkering with the status of a single group in society, but rather a radical and complete restructuring, designed to avoid repetition of the sins of the past.
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EZEKIEL AND THE LEADERS OF ISRAEL
SUPPLEMENTS TO
VETUS TESTAMENTUM EDITED BY THE BOARD OF THE QUARTERLY
J.A. EMERTON - PHYLLIS A. BIRD- W.L. HOLLADAY A. VANDER KOOU- A. LEMAIRE- R.E. MURPHY- B. OTZEN R. SMEND - J.A. SOGGIN-J.C. VANDERKAM- M. WEINFELD H.G.M. WILLIAMSON VOLUME LVI
EZEKIEL AND THE LEADERS OF ISRAEL BY
IAINM. DUGUID
EJ. BRILL LEIDEN ·NEW YORK· KOLN 1994
The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Duguid, lain M. Ezekiel and the leaders of Israel I by lain M. Duguid p. em. - (Supplements to Vetus testamentum, ISSN 0083-5889 ; v. 56) Includes bibliographical reference and indexes. ISBN 9004100741 (alk. paper) I. Bible. O.T. Ezekiel--criticism, interpretation, etc. I. Tide. II. Series. BSI545.2.D84 1994 224'.406-dc20 94-14022 CIP
Die Deutsche Bibliothek- CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Duguid, lain M.: Ezekiel and the leaders of Israel I by lain M. Duguid. - Leiden ; New York ; Koln : Brill, 1994 (Supplements to Vetus testamentum; Vol. 56) ISBN 90-04-10074-1 NE: Vetus testamentum I Supplements
ISSN 0083-5889 ISBN 90 04 10074 I
© Copyright 1994 by E.]. Brill, Uidm, 1he Netherlands
All rights reserved. No part qf this publication m~ be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval .f)/Stem, or transmitted in a'!Y form or by a'!)l means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission .from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by EJ. Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid direct!JI to 1he Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 91 0 Danvers .MA 01923, USA. Fees are sul!ject to change. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS
CONTENTS v
Table of Contents Acknowledgements
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ix
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi 1 Introduction A. General Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. The Authorship and Unity of the Book of Ezekiel 1. An Historical Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. The Approach Taken in This Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Kings and Princes A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. melek and na.W in the Book of Ezekiel . . . . . . . . . . . 1. The Etymology and Derivation of the Word na.W . . . . 2. The Usage of nasi' outside Ezekiel . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. The Usage of melek and nasi' in Ezekiel 1-39 . . . . . . 4. The Usage of melek and nasi' in Ezekiel 40-48 . . . . . Excursus: The So-called na.W Stratum in Ezekiel 40-48 . . . 5. Conclusions on the Usage of melek and nasi' in Ezekiel C. The Critique of Royal Leadership in the Book of Ezekiel 1. Ezekiel 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Ezekiel 19 . . . .