Gaskets: Design, Selection, And Testing

Gaskets Design, Selection, and Testing Daniel E. Czernik Ill? Advanced Technology, FEL-PRO Inc. Skokie. Illinois McGraw-HiII New York San Francisco Washington, D.C. Auckland Bogota Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData Czernik, Daniel E. Gaskets I Daniel E. Czernik. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-07-015113-X 1. Gaskets-Congresses-Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title. TJ246.C93 1996 621.8’85-dc20 95-36623 CIP McGraw-Hill E A Division of 7kMcGrawHiU companies Copyright 0 1996 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 QBPIQBP 9 0 1 0 9 8 7 6 ISBN 0-07-015113-X The sponsoring editor for this book was Robert Hauserman, the editing supervisor was Bernard Onken, and the production supervisor was Donald Schmidt. It was set in Century Schoolbook by Donald A. Feldman of McGraw-Hill‘s Professional Book Group composition unit. Printed and bound by QuebecorlBook Press. McGraw-Hill books are available a t special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please write to the Director of Special Sales, McGraw-Hill, 11 West 19th Street, New York, NY 10011. Or contact your local bookstore. Information contained in this work has been obtained by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”)from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors guarantees the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein and neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the understanding that McGraw-Hill and its authors are supplying information, but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought. This book is printed on recycled, acid-free paper containing 10% postconsumer waste. Contents Preface ix Acknowledgments Introduction xiii xi Chapter 1. Gasket Types Definition Nonmetallic Gaskets Test Procedures for Gasket Materials Gasket Material Manufacturing Nonasbestos Gasketing Materials Important Material Characteristics for Processing andlor Assembly Material Properties That Are Important in Gasketing Fiber Materials Binders Filler Materials Nonfiber Gasket Materials Metallic Gaskets Gasket Types 1 1 2 7 25 30 32 34 37 39 41 41 42 45 Chapter 2. The Gasket and Its Environment