Molecular Neurobiology For The Clinician

Molecular Neurobiology for the Clinician Review of Psychiatry Series John M. Oldham, M.D., M.S. Michelle B. Riba, M.D., M.S. Series Editors Molecular Neurobiology for the Clinician EDITED BY Dennis S. Charney, M.D. No. 3 Washington, DC London, England Note: The authors have worked to ensure that all information in this book is accurate at the time of publication and consistent with general psychiatric and medical standards, and that information concerning drug dosages, schedules, and routes of administration is accurate at the time of publication and consistent with standards set by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration and the general medical community. As medical research and practice continue to advance, however, therapeutic standards may change. Moreover, specific situations may require a specific therapeutic response not included in this book. For these reasons and because human and mechanical errors sometimes occur, we recommend that readers follow the advice of physicians directly involved in their care or the care of a member of their family. Books published by American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., represent the views and opinions of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the policies and opinions of APPI or the American Psychiatric Association. Copyright © 2003 American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Manufactured in the United States of America on acid-free paper 07 06 05 04 03 5 4 3 2 1 First Edition Typeset in Adobe’s Palatino American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc. 1000 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22209-3901 www.appi.org The correct citation for this book is Charney DS (editor): Molecular Neurobiology for the Clinician (Review of Psychiatry Series, Volume 22, Number 3; Oldham JM and Riba MB, series editors). Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Publishing, 2003 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Molecular neurobiology for the clinician / edited by Dennis S. Charney p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58562-113-7 (alk. paper) 1. Neurobehavioral disorders—Molecular aspects. 2. Molecular neurobiology. 3. Biological psychiatry. I. Charney, Dennis S. II. Review of psychiatry series ; v. 22, 3. [DNLM: 1. Biological Psychiatry. 2. Mental Disorders. 3. Neurobiology. WM 102 M718 2003] RC455.4.B5M676 2003 616.89—dc21 2003043664 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A CIP record is available from the British Library. Contents Contributors Introduction to the Review of Psychiatry Series vii ix John M. Oldham, M.D., M.S., and Michelle B. Riba, M.D., M.S., Series Editors Preface xiii Dennis S. Charney, M.D. Chapter 1 Molecular Neurobiology of Childhood- and Adolescent-Onset Psychiatric Disorders 1 Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele, M.D., and Edwin H. Cook Jr., M.D. Chromosomal and Relatively Simple Genetic Disorders 3 Complex Disorders 8 Complex Genetic Disorders With Variable-Onset Psychiatric Phenotypes 34 Summary 39 References 41 Chapter 2 Molecular Genetics: A Role in Diagnosis and Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders? Francis J. McMahon, M.D. Genetic Basis of Major Mental Illness Common Alleles for Common Diseases The Common Disease–Common Variant Hypothesis Translating Genetic Findings Into Clinical Practice Specific Applications of Genetic Findings Genetic Attributable Risk Conclusion: The Psychiatrist as Interpreter of Genetic Findings References 63 63 64 67 68 69 72 73 73 Chapter 3 Molecular Neurobiology and Schizophrenia: Implications for Etiology and Treatment Andrew R. Gilbert, M.D., David W. Volk, Ph.D., and David A. Lewis, M.D. Etiological Factors and Schizophrenia Genetic Variation and Schizophrenia Molecular Systems and Schizophrenia: Molecular Alterations in the Context of Neural Circuitry