E-Book Overview
Alkaloids, represent a group of interesting and complex chemical compounds, produced by the secondary metabolism of living organisms in different biotopes. They are relatively common chemicals in all kingdoms of living organisms in all environments. Two hundred years of scientific research has still not fully explained the connections between alkaloids and life.Alkaloids-Chemistry, Biological Significance, Applications and Ecological Role provides knowledge on structural typology, biosynthesis and metabolism in relation to recent research work on alkaloids. Considering an organic chemistry approach to alkaloids using biological and ecological explanation. Within the book several questions that persist in this field of research are approached as are some unresearched areas.The book provides beneficial text for an academic and professional audience and serves as a source of knowledge for anyone who is interested in the fascinating subject of alkaloids. Each chapter features an abstract. Appendices are included, as are a listing of alkaloids, plants containing alkaloids and some basic protocols of alkaloid analysis.* Presents the ecological role of alkaloids in nature and ecosystems* Interdisciplinary and reader friendly approach* Up-to-date knowledge
E-Book Content
Elsevier AMS
Prelims-N52736
Job code: ASLA
17-2-2007
12:35 p.m.
Page:xi
Trimsize:165×240 MM
List of Figures
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Font Used:Times
Contemporary scheme of morphine. Some alkaloids isolated by pharmaceutists Pierre Joseph Pelletier and Joseph Beinamé Caventou during 1817–1821. Schemes of taxol, vinblastine, vincristine and vincamine An example of a true alkaloid An example of protoalkaloids An example of a pseudoalkaloid The raw extraction of quinolizidine alkaloids l-tryptophan with its aromatic side chain The devil’s-pepper genus, Rauwolfia serpentina l-phenylalanine is a precursor l-ornithine is an important precursor l-tyrosine, with its aromatic side chain l-anthranilic acid is a precursor l-histidine is a precursor l-ornithine and l-nicotinic acids are precursors l-lysine is a precursor (a) Structure of seed testa of the Washington lupine (b) Alkaloidal Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. Jervine, cyclopamine and protoveratrine structures. Basic alkaloids of mushrooms. Ergotamine and LSD Secondary metabolism blocks Pyruvate derivation and acetyl CoA synthesis General scheme of alkaloid synthesis l-lysine-derived nuclei Nuclei and skeletons of izidine alkaloids The source and forms of the pyrrolidine ring l-histidine and the nuclei of imidazole and manzamine alkaloids. The nuclei produced by anthranilic acid in alkaloids The nucleus of alkaloids derived from nicotinic acid l-phenylanine-derived nuclei in alkaloid biosynthesis Nuclei supplied to alkaloids by l-tyrosine in the synthesizing process The l-tryptophan-supplied nucleus during synthesis Synthesis of alkaloids from ornithine Synthesis pathway of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids Synthesis of hordeine and mescaline
Margins:Top:18 mm
Gutter:20 mm
Font Size:11/13
Text Width:125 mm
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Depth:43 Lines
Elsevier AMS
Prelims-N52736
Job code: ASLA
xii
36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73. 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
Font Used:Times
17-2-2007
12:35 p.m.
Page:xii
Trimsize:165×240 MM
List of Figures
Synthesis pathway of kreysigine and colchicine Emetine and cephaeline synthesis pathway Galanthamine synthesis pathway Psilocybin and seroton