Land, Water And Mineral Resources In Science Education. Science And Technology Education And Future Human Needs

Science and Technology Education and Future Human Needs General Editor: JOHN LEWIS Malvern College, United Kingdom Vol. 1 LEWIS & KELLY Science and Technology Education and Future Human Needs Vol. 2 FRAZER & KORNHAUSER Ethics and Social Responsibility in Science Education Vol. 3 WADDINGTON E d u c a t i o n , Industry and Technology Vol. 4 GRAVES L a n d , W a t e r and Mineral Resources in Science Education Vol. 5 KELLY & LEWIS Education and Health Vol. 6 RAO F o o d , Agriculture and Education Vol. 7 KIRWAN Energy Resources in Science Education Vol. 8 BAEZ T h e E n v i r o n m e n t and Science and Technology Education Vol. 9 TAYLOR Science Education and Information Transfer Related Pergamon Journal INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT* Editor: PHILIP TAYLOR T h r o u g h o u t t h e world educational developments are taking place: developments in literacy, p r o g r a m m e s in vocational education, in curriculum and teaching, in the economics of education and in educational administration. It is t h e purpose of t h e International Journal of Educational Development t o bring these developments to the attention of professionals in the field of education, with particular focus upon issues and problems of concern to those in the Third World. Concrete information, of interest to planners, practitioners and researchers, is presented in the form of articles, case studies and research reports. *Free specimen copies available on request. Land, Water and Mineral Resources in Science Education Edited by NORMAN J. GRAVES University of London, United Kingdom Published for the ICSU PRESS by PERGAMON PRESS OXFORD · NEW YORK · BEIJING · FRANKFURT SAO PAULO · SYDNEY · TOKYO · TORONTO U.K. PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Pergamon Press, Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 OBW, England Pergamon Press, Maxwell House, Fairview Park, Elmsford, New York 10523, U.S.A. Pergamon Press, Room 4037, Qianmen Hotel, Beijing, People's Republic of China FEDERAL REPUBLIC Pergamon Press, Hammerweg 6, U.S.A. OF GERMANY D-6242 Kronberg, Federal Republic of Germany BRAZIL Pergamon Editora, Rua Eça de Queiros, 346, CEP 04011, Paraiso, Säo Paulo, Brazil Pergamon Press Australia, P.O. Box 544, Potts Point, N.S.W. 2011, Australia Pergamon Press, 8th Floor, Matsuoka Central Building, 1-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160, Japan Pergamon Press Canada, Suite No. 271, 253 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R5 AUSTRALIA JAPAN CANADA Copyright © 1987 ICSU Press All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form means: electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission from the copyright holder. reproduced, or by any mechanical, in writing First edition 1987 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Land, water, and mineral resourc