Liquid Crystal Elastomers: Materials And Applications

250 Advances in Polymer Science Editorial Board: A. Abe, Tokyo, Japan A.-C. Albertsson, Stockholm, Sweden K. Dusˇek, Prague, Czech Republic J. Genzer, Raleigh, NC, USA W.H. de Jeu, Aachen, Germany S. Kobayashi, Kyoto, Japan K.-S. Lee, Daejeon, South Korea L. Leibler, Paris, France T.E. Long, Blacksburg, VA, USA I. Manners, Bristol, UK M. Mo¨ller, Aachen, Germany E.M. Terentjev, Cambridge, UK M.J. Vicent, Valencia, Spain B. Voit, Dresden, Germany U. Wiesner, Ithaca, NY, USA For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/12 Aims and Scope The series presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in polymer and biopolymer science including chemistry, physical chemistry, physics and material science. It is addressed to all scientists at universities and in industry who wish to keep abreast of advances in the topics covered. Review articles for the topical volumes are invited by the volume editors. As a rule, single contributions are also specially commissioned. The editors and publishers will, however, always be pleased to receive suggestions and supplementary information. Papers are accepted for Advances in Polymer Science in English. In references Advances in Polymer Sciences is abbreviated as Adv Polym Sci and is cited as a journal. Special volumes are edited by well known guest editors who invite reputed authors for the review articles in their volumes. Impact Factor in 2010: 6.723; Section “Polymer Science”: Rank 3 of 79 Wim H. de Jeu Editor Liquid Crystal Elastomers: Materials and Applications With contributions by M. Brehmer
F. Bro¨mmel
G. Cordoyiannis
W.H. de Jeu
H. Finkelmann
D. Kramer
Z. Kutnjak
A. Lebar
C. Ohm
B.I. Ostrovskii
P. Palffy-Muhoray
K. Urayama
B. Zalar
R. Zentel Editor Wim H. de Jeu DWI at RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany ISSN 0065-3195 ISSN 1436-5030 (electronic) ISBN 978-3-642-31581-7 ISBN 978-3-642-31582-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-31582-4 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library Control Congress Number: 2012943862 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, ser