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"-J!!!!!!!! THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY ~oF AMERICA®
The Geology and Paleontology of the Late Cretaceous Marine Deposits of the Dakotas
edited by James E. Martin and David C. Parris
Copyright © 2007, The Geological Society of America, Inc. (GSA). All rights reserved. GSA grants permission to individual scientists to make unlimited photocopies of one or more items from this volume for noncommercial purposes advancing science or education, including classroom use. For permission to make photocopies of any item in this volume for other noncommercial, nonprofit purposes, contact the Geological Society of America. Written permission is required from GSA for all other forms of capture or reproduction of any item in the volume including, but not limited to, all types of electronic or digital scanning or other digital or manual transformation of articles or any portion thereof, such as abstracts, into computer-readable and/or transmittable fonn for personal or corporate use, either noncommercial or commercial, for-profit or otherwise. Send permission requests to GSA Copyright Permissions, 3300 Pemose Place, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, Colorado 80301 -9 140, USA. Copyright is not claimed on any material prepared wholly by government employees within the scope of their employment. Published by The Geological Society of America, Inc. 3300 Pemose Place, P.O. Box 9 140, Boulder, Colorado 80301-9140, USA www.geosociety.org Printed in U.S.A. GSA Books Science Editor: Marion E. Bickford
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The geology and paleontology of the late Cretaceous marine deposits of the Dakotas I edited by James E. Martin and David C. Parris. p.cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-8137-2427-0 (pbk.) 1. Sediments (Geology)- South Dakota. 2. Sediments (Geology)- North Dakota. 3. Geology- South Dakota. 4. Geology- orthDakota. 5. Paleontology- Cretaceous. 6. Geology, Stratigraphic- Cretaceous. I. Martin, James E. II. Parris, David C. QE471.2.G465 2007 557.83-dc22 2007009883 Cover: Screened image is the Late Cretaceous Niobrara Chalk overlain by newly defined members of the Sharon Springs Formation of the Pierre Shale Group. The large reptile is that of a new species of the mosasaur (Hainosaurus) feeding upon a diving bird (Hesperornis). The illustration in the right foreground is a reconstruction of a new species of the Late Cretaceous diving bird (Baptornis). Both illustrations courtesy of Daniel Vamer.
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Contents
1.
Introduction to the geology and paleontology of the Late Cretaceous marine deposits of the Dakotas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 D.C. Parris, S.Y. Shelton, and J.E. Martin
2.
Revised lithostratigraphy of the lower Pierre Shale Group (Campanian) of central South Dakota, including newly designated members . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 J.E. Martin, J.L. Bertog, and D.C. Parris
3.
Geochemical and mineralogical recognition of the bentonites in the lower Pierre Shale Group and their use in regional stratigraphic correlation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 J. Bertog, W. Huff, and J.E. Martin
4.
Stratigraphy and paleoecology of the middle Pierre Shale along the Missouri River, central South Dakota . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 P.A. Hanczaryk and W.B. Gallagher
5.
Rare earth element (REE) analysis of fossil vertebrates from the Upper Cretaceous Pierre Shale Group for the purposes of paleobathymetric interpretations of the Western Interior Seaway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .