E-Book Content
Will, Action and Freedom
The Medieval Mediterranean Peoples, Economies and Cultures, 400–1500
Managing Editor
Hugh Kennedy SOAS, London Editors
Paul Magdalino, St. Andrews David Abulafia, Cambridge Benjamin Arbel, Tel Aviv Larry J. Simon, Western Michigan University Olivia Remie Constable, Notre Dame
VOLUME 77
Will, Action and Freedom Christological Controversies in the Seventh Century
By
Cyril Hovorun
LEIDEN • BOSTON 2008
Cover illustrations Front: A fresco depicting Christ from a cave church in Cappadocia. Photograph by Cyril Hovorun. Back: A fresco of a cross from a cave church in Cappadocia. Photograph by Cyril Hovorun. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hovorun, Cyril. Will, action, and freedom : christological controversies in the seventh century / by Cyril Hovorun. p. cm. — (The medieval Mediterranean, ISSN 0928-5520 ; v. 77) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-16666-0 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Monothelitism. 2. Heresies, Christian—History. 3. Free will and determinism—Religious aspects—Christianity— History of doctrines. 4. Jesus Christ—History of doctrines. I. Title. II. Series. BT1430.H68 2008 273’.6—dc22 2008009745
ISSN 0928-5520 ISBN 978 90 04 16666 0 Copyright 2008 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands
To my mother
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements ............................................................................ Abbreviations ......................................................................................
ix xi
Introduction ........................................................................................
1
Chapter One Early Monenergisms .............................................. 1.1. Apollinarius of Laodicea .................................................... 1.2. The Antiochian tradition ................................................... 1.3. Anti-Chalcedonian Monenergisms .................................. 1.3.1. The Monenergism of Severus of Antioch ........... 1.3.2. The Monothelitism of Severus .............................. 1.3.3. Julian of Halicarnassus ........................................... 1.3.4. The Agnoetes ............................................................ 1.3.5. Criticism of the concept of ignorance ................. 1.3.5.1. Theodosius of Alexandria ........................ 1.3.5.2. Anthimus of Trebizond ............................ 1.3.5.3. Colluthus .................................................... 1.3.5.4. Constantine of Laodicea .......................... 1.3.6. Sergius the Grammarian ........................................ 1.3.7. Conclusions .............................................................. 1.4. Theopaschism ...................................................................... 1.5. The eve of the Monothelite controversy ..........................
5 6 9 15 15 25 28 30 33 33 35 37 37 38 40 41 50
Chapter Two History ...................................................................... 2.1. Historical premises ..............