The Future Of Energy Use

PHIL O’KEEFE GEOFF O’BRIEN NICOLA PEARSALL THE FUTURE OF ENERGY USE SECOND EDITION THE FUTURE OF ENERGY USE THE FUTURE OF ENERGY USE Phil O’Keefe, Geoff O’Brien and Nicola Pearsall publishing for a sustainable future London • Washington, DC First published in 2010 by Earthscan Copyright © Phil O’Keefe, Geoff O’Brien and Nicola Pearsall 2010 The moral right of the authors has been asserted. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as expressly permitted by law, without the prior, written permission of the publisher. Earthscan Ltd, Dunstan House, 14a St Cross Street, London EC1N 8XA, UK Earthscan LLC, 1616 P Street, NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA Earthscan publishes in association with the International Institute for Environment and Development For more information on Earthscan publications,see www.earthscan.co.uk or write to [email protected] co.uk ISBN: 978-1-84407-504-1 hardback ISBN: 978-1-84407-505-8 paperback Typeset by JS Typesetting Ltd, Porthcawl, Mid Glamorgan Cover design by Hugh Adams A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data O’Keefe, Philip. The future of energy use / Phil O’Keefe, Geoff O’Brien, and Nicola Pearsall. – 2nd ed. p. cm. Rev. ed. of: The future of energy use / Robert Hill, Phil O’Keefe, and Colin Snape, 1995. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-84407-504-1 (hardback) – ISBN 978-1-84407-505-8 (pbk.) 1. Power resources. 2. Energy policy. I. O’Brien, Geoff. II. Pearsall, Nicola. III. Hill, R. (Robert), 1937- Future of energy use. IV. Title. TJ163.2.H53 2010 333.79–dc22 2009020025 At Earthscan we strive to minimize our environmental impacts and carbon footprint through reducing waste, recycling and offsetting our CO2 emissions, including those created through publication of this book. For more details of our environmental policy, see www.earthscan.co.uk. Printed and bound in the UK by TJ International, an ISO 14001 accredited company. The paper used is FSC certified and the inks are vegetable based. Contents List of Figures,Ta