SUPPLEMENTS TO
NOVUM TESTAMENTUM C.K. B - ~ T TDurham , - F! BORGEX, Trondheim ,JK. E m o n , Leeds - H.J. DE JONGE; Leiden A;J. M.~I~HEKBE, New- Haven 1M.J. J. MENKEN,Utrecht - J. Svm SIRING~Z, Amsterdam Exicuhue Edilors
M.M. NIITCFIELL, Chicago & D.P. MOESSNER, Dubuque
VOLUME C
LOGOS AND LAW IN THE LETTER O FJAMES The Law o f Nature, the Law o f h'Ioses, and the Law o f Freedom
BRILL LEIDEN . BOSTON . KOLN 200 1
This book is printed on acid-free paper
Library of Conpress Catalo$ng-in-Publication Data ,Jackson-hIcCabe, hlvtt 11. Logos and law in the letter of James : the lam, oC nature, the iasz. of h~Ioses; and the law, of rreedom / by Mau A. Jackon-McCabe. cm. - (Supplements to Nobum Testanlenlum, ISSN 0 167p. 9732 ; \; 100) Rcvision or er~~acions. Thus Chrysippus defincd a human animal's impulse (bpy~)--impulse, that is, in the stricter
[email protected] not~iv,and &qoph as h6yo5 sense3"--as h6yo5 npoora~rt~bq &?~CL~O~EVTIK~~.~~
This description of the human logos as npoara~rt~6q" and &nayopeu r ~ ~ is 6 5r.&er s a n s in light of the widely attested Stoic definition of v6yo5 as hboq 6p0bq npooraxrticbq yiv &v noqrkov, & n a y o p ~ v r ~ ~ b 5 6 i ij, 06 xoqrLov. It is highly significant, thereforc, that the definitions of human bpy6 and &qopyG given above were in fact taken by l'lutarch from Chrysippus's treatise On Law, a work which had uscd the terms of impulse," as "a more perfect leadership" in action. (The translation oS the-latter phrase [ ~ e k t o ~ i p anvp o o ~ a a i a v ] is ukcn Gom LCL; for SpccificaUy, says Philo; this entails li\ing in accord with "right reason," the true dix4ne law:
just as tvith cities, those which lie under an oligarchy or tyranny suffer enslavement, becausc they have crucl and sevcrc mastcrs, who keep them in subjection under their slv-a?, while those which have laws to care for and protcct them arc free: so; tool with mcn. Those in whom anger ( 6 p ~ or ) desire (hnt8upia) or any other passion (TI Eihho a(r805), or; again: any insidious vice ( ~ a ~ iholds a ) sway; are entircly enslaved, whilc all whose life is replated by la>.\;are free (6001 G i ~ E T &v6pou < 6="" o="" ~="" vh;6="" 8="" e="" p="" o="" r="" )="" .="" and="" right="" reason="" is="" an="" infillible="" law="" (v6po5="" 6h="" &yrn6$5="" b="" 6pfjb5="" %yoingz="" or="" "hearing;"="" in="" other="" words,="" is="" not="" sufficient;="" but="" must="" he="" accompanied="" by="" a="" particular="" type="" of="" h="" e="" h="" a="" ~="" i="" o="" rwhich="" can="" he="" charactrrizcd="" as="" "humility"="" and="" which="" consists="" in="" "doing";="" cf:="" in="" this="" case="" 2:14-26,="" and="" esp.="" :="" 1="" 3="" ;="" 6etf,&~oir="" ~="" $="" rahflg="" 5="" &va~~irpalpfg="" rh="" ipya="" agrati="" i,v="" ~="" i="" r="" p="" a="" ;="" ~oalpiag,="" ~r="" and="" firthcr="" thc="" discussion="" in="" chapter="" five="" under="" thr="" heading="" "lo,qoi="" and="" e\-s:="" or="" do="" you="" think="" the="" scripture="" speaks="" in="" vain?="" the="" spirit="" which="" hc="" [i.e.,="" god]="" madc="" to="" dwell="" in="" us="" longs="" to="" the="" point="" of="" en\-).="" (xpbg="" rp86vov);="" hut="" hc="" 1i.e.;="" god]="" gives="" a="" ,greater="" @fi.="" therefore="" it="" says..="" .="" what="" is="" clear="" in="" any="" case="" is="" that="" the="" author="" imagines="" two="" ways="" in="" which="" one="" can="" go="" about="" acquiring="" things.="" the="" propcr="" and="" en'ectiv