ADVANCES IN Immunology VOLUME 17 CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS VOLUME ELMERL. BECKEX SAM M. BEISER VINCENTP. BUTLER,JR. KEJTH M. COWAN PETERM. HENSON EUGENEM. LANCE P. B. MEDAWAR ROBERTN. TAUB ADVANCES IN Immunology E D I T E D BY F. J. DIXON HENRY G. KUNKEL Division of Experimentof Pothology Scrippr Clink ond Reseorch Foundation lo Jollo, Colifornio The Rockefeller Univerrity New York, New York VOLUME 17 1973 ACADEMIC PRESS New York and London A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers COPYRIGHT 0 1973, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART O F THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. 111 Fifth Avenue, New York. New York 10003 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road, London NW1 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOO CARDNUMBER:61-17057 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS PREFACE CONTENTS OF PREVIOUS VOLUMES. . . . . . . . . . Vii ix xi Antilymphocyte Serum EUGENEM LANCE.P B MEDAWAR. AND ROBERT N TAUB . . . . I . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1. History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I11. Preparation of Antilymphocytic Antisera . . . . . . . IV . Purification of Antilymphocytic Serum . . . . . . . V . Assays of Potency . . . . . . . . . . . . VI . Effect on Lymphoid Cells or Tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII . Scope of Antilymphocytic Serum Action in Vioo VIII . Inimunogenicity of Antilyniphocytic Serum Immunoglobulin G . . IX . Discriminate Action of Antilymphocytic Serum on Cell-Mediated . . . . . . . . . . . . . Immunity X . Chronic Administration of Antilymphocytic Serum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI . Synergism with Other Agents XI1. Antilymphocytic Serum and the Induction of Immunological Tolerance . . . . . . XI11. Mode of Action of Antilymphocytic Serum XIV. Effects in Man . . . . . . . . . . . . XV. Projections for the Future . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 4 15 24 27 36 46 47 51 54 55 57 62 73 73 In Vitro Studies of Immunologically Induced Secretion of Mediators from Cells and Related Phenomena ELMERL BECXERAND PETER M HENSON . . I . Introduction . . . . . . . . . I1. General Characteristics of Secretory Process . . I11. Mediator Secretion from Isolated Tissues and Organs . . . . IV . Mediator Secretion from Mast Cells V. Mediator Secretion from Basophiles . . . . VI. Mediator Secretion from Platelets . . . . VII . Mediator Secretion from Neutrophiles . . . VIII . Phagocytosis by Neutrophiles . . . . . IX . Mediator Secretion from Monocytes and Macrophages X . Chemotaxis . . . . . . . . . XI . Lymphocyte Transformation . . . . . . XI1. General Summary . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 96 99 106 122 126 143 152 158 159 162 166 178 vi CONTENTS Antibody Response to Viral Antigens KEITH M . COWAN . . . . . . . . . . . I. Introduction I1 Virus Structure and Viral Antigens . . I11. Measurement of Antibody to Viral Antigens IV. The Antibody Response . . . . V . Concluding Reinar