Intelligence: A Brief History (blackwell Brief Histories Of Psychology)

Blackwell Brief Histories of Psychology The Blackwell Brief Histories of Psychology offer concise, accessible, and lively accounts of key topics within psychology, such as emotion, intelligence, and stress, that have had a profound effect on psychological and cultural life. The books in this series provide a rich sense of historical context while remaining grounded in contemporary issues and research that will be of interest to both academic and general readers. Stress: A Brief History Cary L. Cooper and Philip Dewe Evolutionary Thought in Psychology: A Brief History Henry Plotkin Emotions: A Brief History Keith Oatley Intelligence: A Brief History Anna T. Cianciolo and Robert J. Sternberg ß 2004 by Anna T. Cianciolo and Robert J. Sternberg BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148 5020, USA 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of Anna T. Cianciolo and Robert J. Sternberg and to be identified as the Authors of this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First published 2004 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Cianciolo, Anna T. Intelligence: a brief history/Anna T. Cianciolo, Robert J. Sternberg 1st ed. p. cm. (Blackwell brief histories of psychology) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1 4051 0823 1 (hardcover: alk. paper) ISBN 1 4051 0824 X (pbk.: alk. paper) 1. Intellect History. I. Sternberg, Robert J. II. Title. III. Series. BF431.C474 2004 153.90 09 dc22 2004005576 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library. Set in 10/12pt Book Antique by Kolam Information Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India Printed and bound in the United Kingdom by TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall The publisher’s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp processed using acid free and elementary chlorine free practices. Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards. For further information on Blackwell Publishing, visit our website: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com Dedicated to Elena L. Grigorenko, an inspiration to both of us. Contents List of Figures Preface CHAPTER 1 THE NATURE OF INTELLIGENCE viii ix 1 CHAPTER 2 THE MEASUREMENT OF INTELLIGENCE 30 CHAPTER 3 THE TEACHING OF INTELLIGENCE 56 CHAPTER 4 THE GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL BASES OF INTELLIGENCE 85 CHAPTER 5 GROUP DIFFERENCES IN INTELLIGENCE 110 Concluding Remarks References Index 135 141 160 Figures FIGURE 1.1 CONCEPTUAL REPRESENTATION OF GEOGRAPHIC THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE 4 FIGURE 1.2 GEOGRAPHIC THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE 5 FIGURE 2.1 CONTINUUM OF MENTAL TESTS 31 FIGURE 3.1 TEACHING INTELLIGENCE AS DEFINED BY THE SOCIOLOGICAL METAPHOR