Psychology In The 1990's

PSYCHOLOGY IN THE 1990’s ADVANCES IN PSYCHOLOGY 18 Editors G . E. STELMACH P. A. VROON NORTH-HOLLAND AMSTERDAM. NEW YORK . OXFORD PSYCHOLOGY IN THE 1990’s In honour of Professor Johan von Wright on his 60th birthday, March 31,1984 Edited by Kirsti M. J. LAGERSPETZ A bo A kademi Turku Finland and Pekka NIEMI University of Turku Turku Finland 1984 NORTH-HOLLAND AMSTERDAM. NEW YORK . O X F O R D @ Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.. 1984 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic. mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN: 0 444 86881 X Publishers: ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS B.V. P.O. Box 1991 1000 BZ Amsterdam The Netherlands Sole distributors f o r the U.S.A . and Canada: ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. 52 Vanderbilt Avenue NewYork,N.Y. 10017 U.S.A. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publlcation Data Main entry under title: Psychology in the 1990s. (Mvancee in psychology ; 18) Bibliography: p. Includce index. 1. Peychology--Methodology--Addressee, eeeaye, lectbree. 2. Cognition--Mdresses, essaye, lectures. 3. Wrisht, Johan Magnus von, 1924I. Lagerepete, Kireti, 193211. N i e m i , Pekka. 111. Wright, Johan %gnus von, 1924IV. Series: Mvancee in peychology (Ameterdam, Netherlande) ; 18. BP38.5.P76 1984 150 84-1655 ISBN 0-444-86881-X . . . PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS CONTENTS ........................................................... ............................................................................. L i s t o f contributors ix Preface xi INTRODUCTION Kirsti M. J. Lagerspetz and Pekka N i e m i ....... 1 ................................... 5 ......................................... 7 I. WHAT PSYCHOLOGY IS ABOUT EVOLUTIOYS OR REVOLUTIOYS? Howard H. Kendler PSYCHOLOGY AND ITS FRONTIERS K i r s t i M. J. Lagerspetz .................................. 23 TOWARDS A PSYCHOLOGY BEYOND THE INDIVIDUAL Ference Marton .............................................. 45 TOWARDS A NEOFUNCTIONALIST THEORY OF PSYCHOLOGY? M a r t t i Takala ................................................. 73 ON THE SITUATIONAL CONTEXT IN PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH ............................................ DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY ... David Magnusson 11. THE 95 107 MACHINES, ARCHITECTURE, INTELLIGENCE, AND KNOWLEDGE: CtlANGING CONCEPTIOYS OF THE COGNITIVE PSYC' 10LOGIST'S DATA SOURCE Walter Reitman .............................................. 111 A MODEL OF LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE AS RELATED TO KNOWLEDGE OF THE WDRLD Ida Kurcz ....................................................... 133 vi Contents MULTIPLE LEARNING AND MEMORY SYSTEMS Endel Tulving ................................................. 163 NEW FUNCTIONALISM IN MEMORY RESEARCH Lars-Goran Nilsson ......................................... I a5 ON THE USEFULNESS OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY ................................................225 237 PHYSIOLOGY ............................ N e v i l l e Moray 111. PSYCHOLOGY AND NEURAL SYSTEMS AND COGNITIVE PROCESSES Michael 1. Posner ........................................... 241 PROSPECTS FOR NEUROSCIENTIFIC EXPLANATIONS IN PSYCHOLOGY Kari Y. H. Lagerspetz