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The book examines potentially important factors that may have affected the Hadley and Walker Circulations and evaluates changes in the Hadley Circulation and the monsoons as simulated by coupled models of past climate conditions, and predicted future conditions under an enhanced greenhouse effect. This book is meant to serve as a fundamental reference work for current and future researchers, graduate students in the atmospheric sciences and geosciences, and climate specialists involved in interdisciplinary research.
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THE HADLEY CIRCULATION: PRESENT, PAST AND FUTURE
ADVANCES IN GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH VOLUME 21
Editor-in-Chief Martin Beniston, Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
Editorial Advisory Board B. Allen-Diaz, Department ESPM-Ecosystem Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, U.S.A. R.S. Bradley, Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, U.S.A. W. Cramer, Department of Global Change and Natural Systems, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany. H.F. Diaz, Climate Diagnostics Center, Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, NOAA, Boulder, CO, U.S.A. S. Erkman, Institute for Communication and Analysis of Science and Technology – ICAST, Geneva, Switzerland. R. García Herrera, Facultad de Físicas, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain M. Lal, Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India. U. Luterbacher, The Graduate Institute of International Studies, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. I. Noble, CRC for Greenhouse Accounting and Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. L. Tessier, Institut Mediterranéen d’Ecologie et Paléoécologie, Marseille, France. F. Toth, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria. M.M. Verstraete, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, EC Joint Research Centre, Ispra (VA), Italy.
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
THE HADLEY CIRCULATION: PRESENT, PAST AND FUTURE
Edited by
Henry F. Diaz Climate Diagnostics Center, Oceanic and Atmospheric Research, NOAA, Boulder, CO, U.S.A. and
Raymond S. Bradley Climate System Research Center, Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, U.S.A.
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LONDON
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 1-4020-2943-8(HB) ISBN 1-4020-2944-6 (e-book) ISSN 1574-0919 Advances in Global Change Research
Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Sold and distributed in North, Central and South America by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A.
In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Cover illustration: an historical account of the trade winds, and monsoons, observable in the seas between the Tropicks, with an attempt to assign the physical cause of said winds, Philosophical Transactions, 16: 153-168 © The Royal Society
Printed on acid-free paper
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