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What is the role played by local organizations in transnational environmental advocacy networks? Global Environmentalism and Local Politics revisits this question by looking at transnational environmental activism in Brazil, Ecuador, and India. Rodrigues investigates the internal politics of these networks, focusing on their internal balance of power, choice of strategies, and distribution of resources among members at the international, national, and local levels. Contrary to existing assumptions, local organizations, rather than international or national non-governmental organizations, are the key players in these networks, while at the same time mere participation in transnational advocacy efforts does not necessarily lead to the empowerment of local organizations. Participation may, for example, impose unanticipated political and technical burdens, and despite their overarching common goal of environmental preservation, network members may have different understandings of what environmentally sustainable development is and how it can be best achieved.
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Global Environmentalism and Local Politics
SUNY series in Global Environmental Policy Uday Desai, editor
Global Environmentalism and Local Politics Transnational Advocacy Networks in Brazil, Ecuador, and India
Maria Guadalupe Moog Rodrigues
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK PRESS
Published by State UniversityPublished of New York by Press, Albany State University of New York Press, Albany © 2004 State University of New York © 2004 State University of New York All rights reserved All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Printed in the United States of America No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without permission. Nobepart ofor this book mayinbeany stored in a whatsoever retrieval system No written part of this book may used reproduced manner or transmitted in any form by any means including electronic, without written permission. Noorpart of this book may be stored in a electrostatic, retrieval system magneticintape, photocopying, recording, or otherwise or transmitted anymechanical, form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, without themechanical, prior permission in writing of the publisher. magnetic tape, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher. For information, address State University of New York Press, 90 State Street, Albany,ofNY 12207 For information, addressSuite State700, University New York Press, 90 State Street, Suite 700, Albany, NY 12207 Production by Kelli Williams Marketing by Michael Production by KelliCampochiaro Williams Marketing by Michael Campochiaro Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data igues, Maria Guadalupe Moog. Global environmentalism and local politics : transnational advocacy networks in Brazil, Ecuador, and India / Maria Guadalupe Moog Rodrigues. p. cm. — (SUNY series in global environmental policy) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7914-5877-6 (hc : alk. paper) — ISBN 0-7914-5878-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Sustainable development—Developing countries—Citizen participation—Case studies. CIP INFO COMING Green movement—Developing countries—Case studies. 3. Non-governmental organizations—Developing countries—Case studies. 4. Globalization—Case studies. I. itle. II. Series. HC59.72.E5R63 2004 333.72'098—dc22 2003061096
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CONTENTS
Abbreviations and Acronyms
vii
Preface
xi
Acknowledgments
xiii
1. Introduction
1
Transnational Advocacy Networks, Civil Society, and the Environment: Defining Concepts Key Questions Research Method and Organization of the Book 2. The Dilemma of Amazonian