E-Book Overview
The 85th volume in this serial primarily covers electron optics, parallel programming, Cray computers and digital image processing and pattern recognition. Additionally, the text explores a diverse range of optics including the particle optics of accelerators and mass spectrometers.
E-Book Content
ADVANCES IN ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRON PHYSICS
VOLUME 85
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
PETER W. HAWKES Centre National de la Recherche ScientiJique Toulouse. France
ASSOCIATE EDITOR
BENJAMIN KAZAN Xerox Corporation Palo Alto Research Center Palo Alto, California
Advances in
Electronics and Electron Physics EDITEDBY
PETER W. HAWKES CEMESILaboratoire d’Optiqur Electronique du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Toulouse. France
VOLUME 85
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers Boston San Diego New York London Sydney Tokyo Toronto
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CONTENTS
CONTRIBUTORS ............................................. PREFACE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I. I1 . 111. IV . V. VI . VII .
Recent Developments in Kalman Filtering with Applications in Navigation HANS-JURGENHOTOP Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The New Generation of Navigation Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . FilterTheory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . New Kalman Filter Formulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Review of the Backward Kalman Filter Theory . . . . . . . . . . . Application of the Kalman Filter in Navigation . . . . . . . . . . Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vii IX
1 2 16 25 49 53 70 71 71
Recent Advances in 3D Display D . P . HUIJSMANS AND G . J . JENSE Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Representation Schemes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Voxel-Based Display Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Spatial Selection and Division . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hardware Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Implementations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
78 95 113 147 159 177 221 224 225
Applications of Group Theory to Electron Optics Yu LI I . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1 . M function and Its Symmetry Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111. Applications to Electrostatic Multipoles . . . . . . . . . . . . . .