Literature Suppressed On Political Grounds (banned Books)

banned Books LITERATURE SUPPRESSED ON Political Grounds Revised Edition N ICHOLAS J . K AROLIDES Preface by K EN WACHSBERGER Banned Books: Literature Suppressed on Political Grounds, Revised Edition Copyright © 2006 by Nicholas J. Karolides All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Karolides, Nicholas J. Literature suppressed on political grounds / Nicholas J. Karolides; introduction by Ken Wachsberger:—Rev. ed. p. cm. — (Banned Books) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-6270-6 (acid free paper) 1. Censorship—United States—History—20th century. 2. Prohibited books—United States—History—20th century. 3. Censorship—History. 4. Prohibited books—History. 5. Communication in politics—United States—History—20th century. 6. Communication in politics I. Title. II Banned books (2006) Z658.U5K37 2006 363.31—dc22 2006006885 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322–8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by Cathy Rincon Cover design by Salvatore Luongo Printed in the United States of America MP FOF 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. To the University of Wisconsin–River Falls Chalmer Davee Library staff, particularly Brad Gee, Valerie Malzacher, Michele McKnelly, reference librarians, and Mary Augustine, interlibrary loan librarian, for their knowledgeable and persevering assistance and their dedication to freedom of inquiry There is no freedom either in civil or ecclesiastical [affairs], but where the liberty of the press is maintained. —Matthew Tindal Democracy is more stable, and people are more free, when the press is free. —William Jefferson Clinton If all mankind minus one were of one opinion, and only one person were of the contrary opinion, mankind would be no more justified in silencing that one person, than he, if he had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind. —John Stuart Mill If knowledge is power, access is empowerment. —Mark R. Hamilton So long as books are kept open then minds can never be closed. —Gerald R. Ford I grew up understanding that the greatness of our democracy is the difference of opinion and the ability to voice it freely. —Jane Alexander Dare to think for yourself. —Voltaire CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii Preface ix Introduction xiii Works Discussed in This Volume xvii LITERATURE SUPPRESSED ON POLITICAL GROUNDS 1 Biographical Profiles 535 Bibliography 555 Works Discussed in Other Volumes of This Series 574 Index 595 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS C redit and appreciation are due to university colleagues, Marshall Toman and Cecilia Bustamante-Marré; former students and my daughter, Mitchell Fay, Jane Graves, Alexis Karolides; Laurie Pap; and Eric P. Schmidt, who read texts, researched censorship histories, and wrote fine, meaningful essays found in this volume. Their names follow their individual writings. My thanks also go to colleagues who offered advice and scholarship on individual entries: Herbert R. Cederberg, historian; Tracey L. Gladstone-Sovell, political scientist; J. Michael Norman, journalist; John R. Walker, economist; and C. B. Brohaugh, for language expertise. Joseph K. Fischer provided his research expertise in updating the entri