Encyclopedia Of The Great Depression

REAT GEPRESSION D ENC YCLOPEDIA OF THE EDITORIAL BOARD EDITOR IN CHIEF Robert S. McElvaine Millsaps College ASSOCIATE EDITORS Tony Badger Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge University Roger Biles East Carolina University Patricia Sullivan University of South Carolina W. E. B. Du Bois Institute, Harvard University Joe W. Trotter Carnegie Mellon University REAT GEPRESSION D ENC YCLOPEDIA OF THE VOLUME 1: A-K R O B E R T S. Mc E L V A I N E EDITOR IN CHIEF Encyclopedia of The Great Depression Robert S. McElvaine, Editor in Chief ©2004 by Macmillan Reference USA. Macmillan Reference USA is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage retrieval systems—without the written permission of the publisher. Macmillan Reference USA™ and Thomson Learning™ are trademarks used herein under license. For more information, contact Macmillan Reference USA 300 Park Avenue South, 9th Floor New York, NY 10010 Or you can visit our Internet site at http://www.gale.com For permission to use material from this product, submit your request via Web at http://www.gale-edit.com/permissions, or you may download our Permissions Request form and submit your request by fax or mail to: Cover photographs reproduced by permission of Bettmann/Corbis (Hoover Dam), the FDR Library (Dust Bowl; Franklin Roosevelt; man in front of storefront; Okies), The Library of Congress (Works Progress Administration poster), and Warner Bros./Archive Photos (James Cagney in Public Enemy). Since this page cannot legibly accommodate all copyright notices,