Advances in Insect Physiology Volume 15 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Advances in Insect Physiology edited 4 y M. J. BERRIDGE J. E. TREHERNE and V. B. WIGGLESWORTH Department of Zoology, The University Cambridge, England Volume 15 1980 ACADEMIC PRESS A Subsidlaw of Harcourt Brace Jovanovlch, Publishers London N e w York Toronto Sydney San Francisco A C A D E M I C PRESS INC. ( L O N D O N ) L T D 24/28 Oval Road London NW1 2DX United States Edition publkhed by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. 1 1 1 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10003 Copyright 0 1980 by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. ( L O N D O N ) L T D All Rights Re.7ert.t-d No part o f this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publishers British Lihrury Cutuloguing in Puhlicution Dutu Advances in insect physiology Vol. IS 1 . Insects - Phy\iology I . Brrridgc. Michael John 11. Treherne, John Edwin I l l . Wigglcsworth. Sir Vincent SV5.7'01 QL4VS 63-1.1039 ISBN 0-1 2-024215-X ISSN 0065-2806 P R I N T E D IN G R E A T B R I T A I N B Y W & J M A C K A Y LIMITED. C H A T H A M Contri but0 Peter D. Evans Agricultural Re.yearch Council, Unit of Invertebrate Chemistry and Physiology, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, U K A. R. Gilby Division of Entomology, C.S.I.R.O., P.O. Box 1700, Canberra City, A C T 2601, Australia Nancy J. Lane Agricultural Research Council, Unit of Invertebrate Chemistry and Physiology, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, U K Stuart E. Reynolds School of Biological Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U K David B. Sattelle Agricultural Research Council, Unit of Invertebrate Chemistry and Physiology, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, U K Helen leB. Skaer Agricultural Re.rearch Council, Unit of Invertebrate Chemistry and Physiology, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, U K This Page Intentionally Left Blank Contents Contributors V Transpiration, Temperature and Lipids in Insect Cuticle A. R . GILBY 1 Intercellular Junctions In Insect Tissues NANCY J. LANE and HELEN leB. SKAER 35 Acetylcholine Receptors of Insects DAVID B. SATELLE 215 Biogenic Amines in the Insect Nervous System PETER D. EVANS 317 Integration of Behaviour and Physiology in Ecdysis STUART E. REYNOLDS 475 Subject Index 597 Cumulative List of Authors 621 Cumulative List of Chapter Titles 623 This Page Intentionally Left Blank Transpiration, Temperature a n d Lipids in Insect Cuticle A. R. Gilby Drvrsion of Entomology, C S l R 0 , Canberra, Australra 1 Introduction 1 2 Biophysics of cuticular transpiration 3 2.1 Mass transfer of water 3 2.2 Energy budget during evaporation 6 3 Water loss and temperature 9 3.1 Water loss measurements 9 3.2 Critical temperature - dynamic experiments 12 3.3 Energy budget analysis 16 4 Transpiration and cuticular lipids 20 4.1 Insect integument as a limiting membrane 20 4.2 Cuticular lipids and water loss 21 4.3 Chemical composition of cuticular lipids 22 4.4 Hypotheses o n lipid functioning 24 5 Conclusion 29 Acknowledgement 30 References 30 1 Introduction The water relations of arthropods, and particularly of insects, have attracted the interest of scientists of many disciplines during half acentury. The ability of terrestrial insects to conserve water has been e