ADVANCES IN Immunology VOLUME 23 CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS VOLUME Bo DUPONT A. HANSEN KIMISHIGEISHIZAKA T. P. KING DONALD M. MARCUS GERALD A. SCHWARTING EDMOND J. YUNIS JOHN ADVANCES IN Immunology E D I T E D BY HENRY G. KUNKEL FRANK J. DIXON The Rockefeller University Scrippr Clinic and Research Foundation N e w York, N e w York La Jolla, California VOLUME 23 1976 ACADEMIC PRESS New York Sun Francisco A Subsidiary o f Harcourf Broce Jovanovich, Publishers London COPYRIGHT 0 1976, BY ACADEMIC PRESS,INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. 111 Fifth Avenue, New York,New York 10003 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road. London N W l LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER:6 1 - 17057 ISBN 0-12-022423-2 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONTENTS LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS . PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii . . ix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 12 20 Cellular Events in the IgE Antibody Response KIMISHIGE ISHIZAKA I. Introduction . . . . . . 11. Immunoglobulin E Antibody Formation in Viuo and in Vitro 111. Immunological Factors Essential for IgE Antibody Responses . . IV. Cellular Basis of IgE Antibody Responses . V. Regulation of IgE Antibody Responses VI. Discussion and Summary . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 67 70 Chemical and Biological Properties of Some Atopic Allergens T. P. KING I. 11. 111. IV. V. VI. Introduction . . . . . . . . . Allergen Assay . . . . . . . . Chemical and Biological Properties of Some Allergens General Observations on Allergens . . . . Uses of Purified Allergens . . . . . . . . . . . . Concluding Remarks . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 78 80 92 96 100 101 Human Mixed-lymphocyte Culture Reaction: Genetics, Specificity, and Biological Implications Bo DUPONT,JOHNA. HANSEN,AND EDMONDJ. YUNIS I. Introduction: Major Histocompatibility System in Man . . 11. Serology of Human Leukocyte Alloantigens (HLA-A,B,C) . 111. Cell-Mediated Allogeneic Reactions in Vitro . . . . IV. Measurement of Antigenic Differences in Mixed-Lymphocyte C u h r e Reaction . , . . . . . . . . V. Single-Locus Concept for Mixed-Lymphocyte Culture Stimulation (HLA-D Locus) . . . . . . . . . . V . . . . . . 108 110 119 . . 124 . . 130 vi CONTENTS . VI Mixed-Lymphocyte Culture ( HLA-D ) Specificities Defined by HLA-D-Homozygous Typing Cells . . . . . . . VII . Genetic Control of Immune Response Related to Histocompatibility VIII . Mixed-Lymphocyte Culture As a Histocompatibility Test for Clinical Transplantation . . . . . . . . . IX Genetic Mapping of the HLA Complex on Chromosome C-6 . X . Conclusions .