ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH VOLUME 37 ADVISORY BOARD DOUGLAS ARCHER Washington. D.C. JESSE F. GREGORY 111 Gainesville. Florida SUSAN K. HARLANDER St. Paul, Minnesota DARYL B. LUND New Brunswick, New Jersey ROBERT MACRAE Hull, England BARBARA 0. SCHNEEMAN Davis, Calfornia STEVE L. TAYLOR Lincoln, Nebraska ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH VOLUME 37 Edited by JOHN E. KINSELLA College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences University of California, Davis Davis, California ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. A Division of Harcourt Brace & Company San Diego New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright 0 1993 by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Academic Press, Inc. 1250 Sixth Avenue, San Diego, California 92101-431 1 United Kingdom Edition published by Academic Press Limited 24-28 Oval Road, London NWI 7DX International Standard Series Number: 1043-4526 International Standard Book Number: 0-12-016437-X PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 9 3 9 4 9 5 9 6 9 1 9 8 QW 9 8 1 6 5 4 3 2 1 DEDICATION This book is dedicated to the memory of John Edward Kinsella. Born in Wexford, Ireland, John E. Kinsella was an internationally distinguished scientist and a dedicated administrator. He received his bachelor’s degree in natural and agricultural sciences from National University in Dublin in 1961, and his master’s degree in biology in 1965 and doctor’s degree in food chemistry in 1967 from Pennsylvania State University. Joining the faculty at Cornell University in 1967, he was named chair of the Department of Food Science in 1977, serving until 1985. He became associate director of Cornell’s Institute of Food Science in 1977, and director from 1980 to 1987. At Cornell, he was designated Liberty Hyde Bailey Professor of Food Chemistry, a named chair, in 1981 and General Foods Distinguished Professor of Food Science, an endowed chair, in 1984. He was a Fulbright Professor of Food Science and Nutrition at University College Cork, Ireland in 1984. In the spring of 1989, he was Campbell-Tyner Eminent Scholar at Florida State University. He came to the University of California, Davis in September 1990 as Dean of the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. Dean Kinsella received numerous academic honors, including the Borden Award (1976) for research in biochemistry of mammary tissue and milk, the Babcock Hart Award (1987) for research in food science and nutrition, the Atwater Award (1988) in recognition of international nutrition and food science research, the Spencer Medal Award (1991) for outstanding research in food and agricultural chemistry, the Chang Award (1991) for research and advancement in lipid and flavor chemistry, and the Tanner Lectureship (1991) for scientific contributions to food chemistry. An authority on the biochemistry of dietary fatty acids, he was also the holder of eight patent