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This volume, one in a series, deals with the structure of developmental theory, recursive systems, children's iconic realism, the role of cognition in understanding gender effects, the development of processing speed in childhood and adolescence and more.
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ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT A N D BEHAVIOR
VOLUME 8
Contributors to This Volume Joan H. Cantor Carol 0. Eckerman Robert C. Hulsebus L. Charles Lemond G. Mitchell
Jum C. Nunnally Harriet L. Rheingold William D. Rohwer, Jr. L. Schroers Charles C. Spiker
ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR edited by Hayne W. Reese Department of Psychology West Virginia University Morgantown, West Virginia
VOLUME 8
@)
1973
ACADEMIC PRESS
New York
London
A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
COPYRIGHT 0 1973, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY A N Y MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER.
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10003
United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road, London NWI
LIBRARY OF
CONGRESS CATALOG CARD
NUMBER:63-23237
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Contents LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
vii
PREFACE...........................................................
ix
CONTENTS OF PREVIOUS VOLUMES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xi
Elaboration and Learning in Childhood and Adolescence
.
WILLIAM D R O W E R . JR.
. Introduction
I I1. I11. IV V. VI VII . VIII
. . .
...................................................
A Guiding Conception .......................................... Prompt Types and Research Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conditions for Elaboration ...................................... Prompt Properties and Retrieval .................................. Prompt Types and Developmental Level ........................... The Generality of Prompt Effects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusion .................................................... References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 3 10 13 26 31 44 52 54
Exploratory Behavior and Human Development
.
JUM C . NUNNALLY AND L CHARLES LEMOND
I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I1. Exploratory Behavior in Relation to Psychological Science . . . . . . . . . . . .
111. IV . V VI
. .
Theoretical Positions Regarding Exploratory Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Visual Investigation: Methods. Issues. and Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Implications for Developmental Psychology ........................ Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References ....................................................
60 60 66 75 98 104 106
Operant Conditioning of Infant Behavior: A Review
.
ROBERT C HULSEBUS
. Introduction ................................................... . Historical Overview ............................................ . Experimental Procedures ....................