ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR Volume 34 Contributors to This Volume Brian P. Ackerman James A. Dixon Rebecca S. Bigler Katharine Graf Estes Beverly A. Brehl C. Donald Heth Eleanor D. Brown Elizabeth Kelley Maggie Bruck Jukka M. Leppa¨nen Stephen J. Ceci Lynn S. Liben Carol L. Cheatham Charles A. Nelson John Colombo Jenny R. Saffran Edward H. Cornell Cecilia Wainryb ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR edited by Robert V. Kail Department of Psychological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA Volume 34 AMSTERDAM  BOSTON  HEIDELBERG  LONDON NEW YORK  OXFORD  PARIS  SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO  SINGAPORE  SYDNEY  TOKYO Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 84 Theobald’s Road, London WC1X 8RR, UK Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, UK 30 Corporate Drive, Suite 400, Burlington, MA 01803, USA 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA First edition 2006 Copyright ß 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (+44) (0) 1865 853333; email: [email protected] Alternatively you can submit your request online by visiting the Elsevier web site at http://elsevier.com/locate/permissions, and selecting Obtaining permission to use Elsevier material Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made ISBN-13: 978-0-12-009734-0 ISBN-10: 0-12-009734-6 ISSN: 0065-2407 (Series) For information on all Academic Press publications visit our website at books.elsevier.com Printed and bound in The Netherlands 06 07 08 09 10 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi