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THE CODIFICATION OF MEDICAL MORALITY Philosophy and Medicine VOLUME 49 Editors H. Tristram Engelhardt, Jr., Center for Ethics, Medicine, and Public Issues, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas and Philosophy Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas Stuart F. Spicker, Center for Ethics, Medicine, and Public Issues, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Associate Editor Kevin W. Wildes, S.J., Department of Philosophy, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. Editorial Board George J. Agich, School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, Illinois Edmund Erde, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Camden, New Jersey Patricia A. King, J.D., Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, D.C. E. Haavi Morreim, Department of Human Values and Ethics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume. THE CODIFICATION OF MEDICAL MORALITY Historical and Philosophical Studies of the Formalization of Western Medical Morality in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries Volume Two: Anglo-American Medical Ethics and Medical Jurisprudence in the Nineteenth Century Edited by ROBERT B A K E R Department of Philosophy, Union College, Schenectady, New York L8 KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS Dordrecht/Boston/London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 0-7923-3528-7 Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr. W. Junk and MTP Press. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands. printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved © 1995 Kluwer Academic Publishers No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Printed in the Netherlands |n Memory of Freda Baker TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE ix Robert Baker / Introduction 1 PART ONE / THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY A M E R I C A N C O D I F I C A T I O N OF M E D I C A L ETHICS CHAPTER ONE - - Robert Baker / An Introduction to the Boston Medical Police o f 1808 - John Warren, Lemuel Hayward, John Fleet / Boston Medical Police CHAPTER TWO Robert Baker / The Historical Context o f the American Medical Association's 1847 Code of Ethics -John Bell/Introduction to the Code o f Medical Ethics - J o h n Bell, Isaac Hays et al. / Note to Convention - 25 41 - - Isaac Hays~Code o f Ethics 47 65 73 75 CHAPTER THREE- - Stanley Joel Reiser / Creating a Medical Profession in the United States: The First Code o f Ethics o f the American Medical Association 89 CHAPTER FOUR- - Tom L. Beauchamp / Worthington Hooker on Ethics in Clinical Medicine 105 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTERFIVE- - Robert M. Veatch / Diverging Traditions: Professional and Religious Medical Ethics of the Nineteenth Century 121 PART TWO / MEDICAL ETHICS AND MEDICAL JURISPRUDENCE IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY BRITAIN CHAPTERSIX- - Chester Burns / Reciprocity in the Development of Anglo-American Medical Ethics, 1765-1865 135 CHAPTERSEVEN Peter Bartrip / An Introduction to Jukes Styrap'