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This remarkable volume examines the process by which three deaf, French biographers from the 19th and 20th centuries attempted to cross the cultural divide between deaf and hearing worlds through their work. The very different approach taken by each writer sheds light on determining at what point an individual’s assimilation into society endanger his or her sense of personal identity.Author Hartig begins by assessing the publications of Jean-Ferdinand Berthier (1803-1886). Berthier wrote about Auguste B?bian, Abb? de l’Ep?e, and Abb? Sicard, all of whom taught at the National Institute for the Deaf in Paris. Although Berthier presented compelling portraits of their entire lives, he paid special attention to their political and social activism, his main interest.Yvonne Pitrois (1880-1937) pursued her particular interest in the lives of deaf-blind people. Her biography of Helen Keller focused on her subject’s destiny in conjunction with her unique relationship with Anne Sullivan. Corinne Rocheleau-Rouleau (1881-1963) recounted the historical circumstances that led French-Canadian pioneer women to leave France. The true value of her work resides in her portraits of these pioneer women: maternal women, warriors, religious women, with an emphasis on their lives and the choices they made.Crossing the Divide reveals clearly the passion these biographers shared for narrating the lives of those they viewed as heroes of an emerging French deaf community. All three used the genre of biography not only as a means of external exploration but also as a way to plumb their innermost selves and to resolve ambivalence about their own deafness.
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Frontmatter 10/25/06 10:36 AM Page i Crossing the Divide Frontmatter 10/25/06 10:36 AM Page ii Frontmatter 10/25/06 10:36 AM Page iii Crossing the Divide Representations of Deafness in Biography Rachel M. Hartig Gallaudet University Press Washington, DC Frontmatter 10/25/06 10:36 AM Page iv Gallaudet University Press Washington, DC http://gupress.gallaudet.edu © 2006 by Rachel M. Hartig All rights reserved. Published 2006 Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Hartig, Rachel Mildred. Crossing the divide : representations of deafness in biography / Rachel M. Hartig. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-56368-298-2 (alk. paper) 1. Deaf—History. 2. Deaf—Biography. 3. Biographers—Biography. 4. Berthier, Jean-Ferdinand, 1803-1886. 5. Pitrois, Yvonne. 6. Rocheleau-Rouleau, Corinne, 1881–1963. 1. Title. HV2370.H37 2006 362.4´20922—dc22 2006015909 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. Frontmatter 10/25/06 10:36 AM Page v Contents Preface vii Acknowledgments xi 1 On the Nature of Biographical Form Is Biography Disguised Autobiography? 1 2 Crossing the Divide Yvonne Pitrois and Helen Keller Dialogue about Disability 17 3 Jean-Ferdinand Berthier The Development of an Activist 32 4 Yvonne Pitrois A Journey from Darkness to Light 78 5 Corinne Rocheleau Rescripting Life as a Deaf Woman 109 6 Biography in Deaf Hands An Analysis 135 Notes 149 Bibliography 155 Index 159 Frontmatter 10/25/06 10:36 AM Page vi Frontmatter 10/25/06 10:36 AM Page vii Preface In their groundbreaking work Deaf in America: Voi