ADVANCES IN ECONOMETRICS Series Editors: Tom Fomby and R. Carter Hill Recent Volumes: Volume 15: Volume 16: Volume 17: Volume 18: Volume 19: Nonstationary Panels, Panel Cointegration, and Dynamic Panels, Edited by Badi Baltagi Econometric Models in Marketing, Edited by P. H. Franses and A. L. Montgomery Maximum Likelihood of Misspecified Models: Twenty Years Later, Edited by Thomas B. Fomby and R. Carter Hill Spatial and Spatiotemporal Econometrics, Edited by J. P. LeSage and R. Kelley Pace Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Finance and Economics, Edited by J. M. Binner, G. Kendall and S. H. Chen Volume 20A: Econometric analysis of Financial and Economic Time Series, Edited by Dek Terrell and Thomas B. Fomby Volume 20B: Econometric analysis of Financial and Economic Time Series, Edited by Thomas B. Fomby and Dek Terrell ADVANCES IN ECONOMETRICS VOLUME 21 MODELLING AND EVALUATING TREATMENT EFFECTS IN ECONOMETRICS EDITED BY DANIEL L. MILLIMET Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA JEFFREY A. SMITH University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA EDWARD J. VYTLACIL Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Amsterdam – Boston – Heidelberg – London – New York – Oxford Paris – San Diego – San Francisco – Singapore – Sydney – Tokyo JAI Press is an imprint of Elsevier JAI Press is an imprint of Elsevier Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, UK Radarweg 29, PO Box 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, The Netherlands 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101-4495, USA First edition 2008 Copyright r 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (+44) (0) 1865 853333; email: