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S p c o n d Edition This page intentionally left blank S m n d Edition John Dirk Walecka College of William and Mary, USA World Scientific Imperial College Press Published by Imperial College Press 57 Shelton Street Covent Garden London WC2H 9HE and World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-PublicationData A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. THEORETICAL NUCLEAR AND SUBNUCLEAR PHYSICS Second Edition Copyright 0 2004 by Imperial College Press and World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof. may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN 981-238-795-1 ISBN 981-238-898-2 (pbk) Printed in Singapore by World Scientific Printers ( S ) Pte Ltd Dedicated to the memory of James Dirk Walecka 1966-1993 This page intentionally left blank Preface I was delighted when World Scientific Publishing Company expressed enthusiasm for printing the second edition of this book, Theoretical Nuclear and Subnuclear Physics, originally published by Oxford University Press in 1995. I am also pleased that Oxford has given, “(unlimited) permission to use the material of the first edition in the second one . . . ” The original motivation for writing this book was two-fold. First, I wanted to lay out the intellectual foundation for the construction of CEBAF, the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility, of which I was Scientific Director in its initial phase from 1986-1992. Second, I wanted to help bring young people to the point where they could make their own original contributions on the scientific frontiers of nuclear and hadronic physics. CEBAF, now TJNAF (the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility), is currently a functioning laboratory, continually producing important scientific results. The need to “sell” it no longer exists. Furthermore, in 2001 the author published a book with Cambridge University Press entitled Electron Scattering for Nuclear and Nucleon Structure, which focuses on the foundation of this field and eliminates the need for a disproportionate emphasis on this topic. Correspondingly, the chapters on CEBAF’s role a t the end of the various parts in the first edition of this book have been eliminated. In Part 1, a chapter on the many-particle shell model now replaces it. One of the major advances in nuclear theory in the past decade has been the placing of model hadronic field theories of the nuclear many-body system (quantum hadrodynamics, or QHD) on a firm theoretical foundation through the implementation of effective field theory for quantum chromodynamics (QCD); furthermore, relativistic mean field theory now finds justification through density functional theory, and one has a deeper understanding of the reasons for its successful phenomenology. Furnstahl, Serot, and Tang are the individuals primarily responsible for this development. Two new chapters on these topics are now included in Part 2. The chapter on the model QHD-I1 has correspondingly been eliminated, as has the chapter on Weinberg’s chiral transformation, which the author believes is more vii ... Vlll Preface easily understood thro